Engineering
A Beginners Guide
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A Oneworld Paperback Original
Published by Oneworld Publications 2009
Reprinted 2011
This ebook edition published 2012
Copyright Natasha McCarthy 2009
The right of Natasha McCarthy to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
All rights reserved
Copyright under Berne Convention
A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-85168-662-9
ebook ISBN 978-1-78074-152-9
Typeset by Jayvee, Trivandrum, India
Cover design by www.fatfacedesign.com
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Preface
What is an engineer? What comes to mind when imagining an engineer? Someone who gets the train going when its stuck in the station? Someone who comes in and fixes your washing machine when it refuses to drain away the murky grey water?
Maybe it is more appropriate to think of someone who designs and oversees the construction of the highly complex piece of machinery that is sitting in the station waiting to set off. Or even someone who designs and manages the transport infrastructure of which the station or stretch of railway at which youre stuck is but a fragment. It might be the person who designs the complex construction of pumps and logic-controlled programming that washes your clothes, or who manages the international enterprise of designing and constructing white goods for a particular company.
Perhaps you might even imagine the telecommunications or software expert that makes your train travel unnecessary through the provision of teleconferences or virtual discussion boards. Or the chemical engineer who has eradicated the chore of clothes washing, by . Actually, we are still holding out for the latter, but heres hoping.
Engineering encompasses an extremely broad range of activities on a whole spectrum of levels. Engineers are responsible for the design, production, delivery and maintenance of everyday objects such as cars, PCs, telephones and vacuum cleaners. They are also responsible for the design and production of not-so-everyday objects such as space shuttles and kidney dialysis machines. And they are responsible for things that are not objects at all in any straightforward sense from road and rail systems, to the networks of pipes and wires that deliver water and electricity, to the cellular networks that support mobile phones, to the IT systems that process millions of financial transactions each day. Engineers work at many levels, from designing the smallest component of a device, to the management of whole design projects, to overseeing construction sites and production lines. Not all of those people that might be called engineers are agreed by the profession to be engineers, but as a label it probably beats scientist for its breadth and diversity.
ENGINEERING AT THE HAIRDRESSERS
It is easy to get a sense of how pervasive engineering is by looking at your setting, at any given time and considering how many of the things around you are the products of engineering. For example, this morning I was at the hairdressers. There are probably few places one can think of that are further from the world of engineering (unless perhaps certain hairdressers take to calling themselves hair engineers) yet the modern hairdressers is completely dependent on the products of engineering. At the basic level, a modern hair salon is dependent on the supply of electricity impossible without electrical engineering and of water impossible without civil engineering, and boilers are needed to heat the water designed by electrical or gas engineers. Hairdryers are the product of electrical engineering equipped with electrically driven fans and heating elements. Modern hairdressers make use of styling tools that use ceramic coatings which conduct heat rapidly and have a smooth texture; and which are a product of materials engineering. Paying for the haircut involves like paying for many services in the UK and other countries now use of chip and pin technology, in which the card reader communicates with a chip in your credit card to assess whether the correct pin has been entered and which then wirelessly transmits information about the transaction to your bank; a wonder of modern communications engineering and encryption technologies. Of course, barbers and hairdressers existed long before modern engineering did, but the modern hairdresser is completely dependent on the achievements of engineering.
As a result of this breadth, the task of writing a book on engineering might seem to be near impossible. In particular, an engineer working in one area of engineering, appreciating all the detail and complexity that there is to cover in just the area of, say, wastewater management, will probably find it unimaginable that in one short book one could write an introduction to the