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For more than 10 years, millions of readers have trusted the bestselling Everything series for expert advice and important information on health topics ranging from pregnancy and postpartum care to heart health, anxiety, and diabetes. Packed with the most recent, up-to-date data, Everything health guides help you get the right diagnosis, choose the best doctor, and find the treatment options that work for you.
The Everything Healthy Living Series books are concise guides, focusing on only the essential information you need. Whether youre looking for an overview of traditional and alternative migraine treatments, advice on starting a heart-healthy lifestyle, or suggestions for finding the right medical team, theres an Everything Healthy Living Book for you.
Heart Disease
You may have heard of heart disease. Every day it seems a new article comes out about what heart disease does or what affects your heart. Not many people, though, know the full story.
Heart disease is known to be associated with heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes may put you at risk. By understanding and managing these risk factors, you can avoid premature death and disability.
Having these risk factors causes buildup in your arteries, the blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to your brain. When these arteries get too clogged, parts of your organs cannot receive what cells need to survive. If this happens in the blood vessels to the heart, you may develop a heart attack. If this happens in the blood vessels to your brain, you would suffer a stroke. These diseases can leave you disabled, paralyzed, or even kill you.
What you might not know is that you can modify your risk factors and decrease the chance that you will ever develop heart disease. If you know how to lower the bad type of cholesterol and increase the good type, you can significantly prevent clogging or even unclog your arteries, reducing your chance of suffering heart attacks and strokes.
To start to manage your risk factors, you need to get tested beginning at a fairly young age. These tests require repeating every few years, and if you are higher risk, you may need testing more often to determine the proper treatment. This knowledge will help to guide you as you implement changes in your life to improve what puts you at risk.
Heart disease can be greatly influenced by your diet, physical activity, if you smoke, your weight, and your levels of stress. By making certain changes in these areas, you can reduce your chance of early death and disability. Simple changes, such as eating fewer calories and bad fats in exchange for more fiber, nutrients, and good fats, can tremendously influence your risk of heart disease. Even a modest amount of physical activity a few days a week, no matter what the activity, can have a huge impact. Not smoking and reducing stress can also make a significant impact on your risk.
These changes work by modifying many risk factors at once, such as lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Also, such changes in your lifestyle will give you more energy and an improved mood, improving the quality of your life.
Over the past twenty years, significant progress has been made in developing medications that address diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol and reduce the chance of cardiovascular disease. These medications can create negative side effects, but the benefits may outweigh the risks.
Overall, by understanding heart disease, how it acts, what you can do to manage it, and how to implement those actions, you can influence your future health tremendously, while potentially improving your current life.
If youd like to learn more about heart disease, check out The Everything Guide to Preventing Heart Disease , available in print (978-1-4405-2820-0) and eBook (978-1-4405-2888-0) formats.
Blood Pressure
Perhaps the most long-standing and well-known risk factor for heart disease is high blood pressure, otherwise known as hypertension. Over the last several decades, physicians have been more aggressively treating high blood pressure in the hopes of reducing the long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease. To understand how to modify high blood pressure, it is important to understand what is.
What Is Blood Pressure?
Pressure equals the force of something over a certain area. In the case of the blood pressure, the force is exerted by blood vessels on vessel walls. In response to such pressure, blood vessel walls must mold and strengthen themselves to be able to withstand such pressure and assure that an appropriate amount of blood is pumped to your organs.
Blood Pressure Basics
Blood pressure has two values, shown as an upper number and a lower number. The upper number represents the systolic blood pressure, or the greater pressure exerted by the heart and blood when the heart is pumping. The lower number or diastolic pressure represents the pressure of the blood when the heart is relaxed.
The pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, also written as mmHg. Normally, the systolic blood pressure ranges from 90mmHg120mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure is less than 80mmHg. Blood pressure can vary significantly depending on time of day, activity, emotions, recent meal, and many other factors.
Low Blood Pressure
While most attention is given to high blood pressure, as its one of the leading risk factors for heart disease over a long period of time, low blood pressure can be quite dangerous; in fact, the danger of low blood pressure is far more immediate. If blood pressure is low, that means organs are not receiving an adequate amount of blood. This can cause symptoms such as lightheadedness, especially when standing, from not enough blood going to the brain. One of the causes of low blood pressure may be that the heart is not pumping blood effectively, due to congestive heart failure or an arrhythmia due to a heart attack. Excessively treating high blood pressure can also result in low blood pressure. The danger of low blood pressure does not take away from your need to address high blood pressure, though it does highlight dangerous side effects a careful balance must be struck.
Why Does Blood Pressure Get High?
You are not born with high blood pressure; something happens in your life to get it that way. Different people have high blood pressure for different reasons, but if you understand the major contributors to high blood pressure, you can then attempt to address those causes.
You Are What You Eat
What you eat can significantly affect atherosclerosis and your long-term blood pressure. Blood pressure can be affected far more immediately, though, by your salt intake. The most common form of salt is sodium chloride. The amount of sodium you ingest significantly affects your blood pressure on a day-to-day basis. The reason for this is osmosis.
Osmosis is the general scientific concept that fluid tends to travel from where theres a higher concentration of fluid to where there is a lower concentration. When you ingest salt, because there is now a higher concentration of salt in your body, there is a lower concentration of fluid. In an attempt to normalize this concentration of fluid, your body holds onto more fluid. As you have learned, though, blood pressure is pressure exerted by the blood in your body on vessel walls. If theres more fluid in the blood, the pressure exerted on those walls is higher, giving you higher blood pressure. In other words, eating salt can immediately raise your blood pressure.