AbscessA pus-filled cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue
AcuteDescribing a disorder that comes on suddenly and is usually relatively severe
Acute sinusitisA sinus infection that lasts up to four weeks, during which there is a complete resolution of symptoms
AdenoidsMasses of lymphoid tissue that lie at the back of the nose and upper part of the throat
AIDSAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AirwaysThe tubular passages through which air moves in and out of the lungs
AllergenA foreign protein or molecule that, when linked to a protein, triggers allergic reactions in some people. Common allergens are house dust, pollen, animal dander, and molds.
Allergic rhinitisInflammation of the nasal passages as the result of an allergic reaction
AllergySymptoms caused by a persons antibody response to a substance that does not cause symptoms in most people
AMAThe American Medical Association
AnalgesicA medication that relieves pain
AnaphylaxisA life-threatening allergic reaction that involves difficulty breathing and dangerously low blood pressure
AnosmiaA loss of the sense of smell
AntibioticA drug used to fight bacterial infections
AntibodyA molecule made by the immune system to neutralize a specific antigen in the body
AntigenA molecule that induces the formation of antibodies
AntihistamineA drug used to control allergies by blocking the interaction of histamine with allergic receptors
AsthmaA respiratory disorder characterized by spasms and chronic inflammation of the airways, often accompanied by wheezing and shortness of breath
AtopyA predisposition to develop allergy because of IgE antibody hyperresponsiveness
BacteriaSingle-celled microorganisms that multiply by simple division
BarotraumaInjuries caused by rapidly changing air pressure
BronchitisAn inflammation of the central breathing tubes in the lungs characterized by symptoms such as coughing, increased mucous production, low-grade fever, and shortness of breath
BronchodilatorA substance that widens the airways and thus improves breathing
BronchospasmAn irregular contraction of smooth muscles in the lungs airways, causing the airways to narrow
Cavernous sinus thrombosisA severe orbital complication of sinusitis in which there is inflammation of the venous channels on each side of the sphenoid sinus
CDCThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CellulitisA bacterial infection of the skin and tissues that, left untreated, can progress to tissue damage and blood poisoning
ChemosisEdema of the conjunctiva (the transparent mucous membrane covering the white of the eyes and lining the inside of the eyelids)
ChemotherapyTreatment of cancer with powerful drugs
ChronicDescribing a disorder that persists for a long time
Chronic sinusitisSinus infection that persists for twelve weeks or longer
CiliaMicroscopic hairs that line the mucosa and propel mucus through the nasal passages and sinuses
ColdAn upper respiratory infection (URI) caused by a virus
Cold soreA small blister around the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus
Concha bullosaA middle turbinate in the nose enlarged by air cells that may act as a contributing factor to sinus disease
CongestionAn excessive accumulation of fluid in body tissues
CorticosteroidsA class of drugs that are used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders
CT scanComputerized tomography scanning
CystAn abnormal lump or swelling filled with fluid or semisolid material
Cystic fibrosisA genetic disorder characterized by persistent lung infections and an inability to absorb fats and other nutrients from food
DecongestantA drug used to relieve nasal congestion
Dura materThe outermost layer of the three protective membranes covering and protecting the brain
EczemaA type of inflammatory reaction of the skin
EdemaAn abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues
EmpyemaA sealed-off body cavity that contains infected matter or pus
EnzymeA protein that acts as a catalyst to cause chemical changes in other substances but remains unchanged itself by the process
EosinophilA type of white blood cell that plays a role in allergic reactions
EpiduralOutside the dura mater
Epidural abscessA collection of pus between the dura (a protective membrane surrounding the brain) and the inner surface of the skull
Ethmoid sinusesAir-filled cavities located just behind the bridge of the nose and between the eyes
Eustachian tubeThe tube that connects the middle-ear cavity to the back of the nose
ForaminaNatural openings or passages in bones or membranous structures
Frontal sinusesAir-filled cavities located over the eyes in the brow area
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)Delicate sinus surgery performed with the aid of a magnified fiberoptic telescope
FungiOrganisms that include the diverse forms of yeasts and molds
Gastroesophageal refluxA backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
HalitosisBad breath
HistamineA chemical released by body cells during an allergic reaction, producing inflammation
HIVThe human immunodeficiency virus, which is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
HomeostasisThe constant internal environment that is required for health, and is maintained by active processes in the body in spite of external changes
HyposmiaA reduced sense of smell
ImmunoglobulinAn antibody found in tissue fluids and serum
ImmunosuppressionA reduction in the activity of the immune system
ImmunotherapyAllergy shots
InflammationRedness, swelling, heat, and pain resulting from the bodys response to injury or infection
InhalerA device used to administer a drug in powder or vapor form to treat respiratory disorders
IschemiaDecreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
Lamina papyraceaPaper-thin walls that separate the ethmoid sinuses from the orbits of the eye
LeukocyteA white blood cell
Maxillary sinusesAir-filled cavities that are located inside the cheekbones