MOTHERHOOD
MOTHERHOOD
AND THE
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SEXES
BY
C. GASQUOINE HARTLEY
Author of The Truth About Women, The Age of Mother-Power, etc.
Logo of Dodd, Mead and Company
NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
1917
Copyright, 1917, by
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc.
Dedication
TO LESLIE
In writing at last this book on Motherhood, which for so many years has had a place in my thoughts, one truth has forced itself upon me; the predominant position of Woman in her natural relation to the race. The mother is the main stream of the racial life. All the hope of the future rests upon this faith in motherhood.
To whom, then, but to you, my son, can I dedicate my book? You came to me when I was still seeking out a way in the futility of Individual ends; you reconciled my warring motives and desires; you brought me a new guiding principle. You taught me that the Individual Life is but as a bubble or cluster of foam on the great tide of humanity. I knew that the redemption of Woman rests in the growing knowledge and consciousness of her responsibility to the race.
PART I
INTRODUCTORY
It is now a well-established truism to say that the most injurious influences affecting the physical condition of young children arise from the habits, customs and practices of the people themselves rather than from external surroundings or conditions. The environment of the infant is its mother. Its health and physical fitness are dependent primarily upon her health, her capacity in domesticity, and her knowledge of infant care and management. Thus the fundamental requirement in regard to this particular problem is healthy motherhood and the art and practice of mother-craft. Given a healthy and careful mother we are on the high road to securing a healthy infant; from healthy infancy we may expect healthy childhood, and from healthy childhood may be laid the foundations of a nations health.
Education and Infant Welfare.
Annual Report for 1914 of the Chief Medical Officer of the Board of Education.
CONTENTS OF CHAPTER I
A RETROSPECTTHE POSITION OF WOMEN BEFORE THE GREAT EUROPEAN WAR
The overwhelming events of the Great WarChange in my own viewsPrimitive conception of the relative position of the two sexesThe war divides the feminist struggle into two periodsThe demand of woman to live her own lifeThe merits and demerits of the Suffrage MovementThe vote gospel a drug swallowed to still the craving for something vitally neededWomen swept out of their own interests into a swirling sea of desireEmotion the strong guide to actionMilitancyA tremendous adventureThe mob spiritSowing a crop of feminine wild oatsWhat has been gainedMuch experience and some knowledgeExperience indispensable as a foundation of a broader feminismSolidarity of womenWar came like a thunderbolt from a clear skyThe clamour and deception of meetings and propaganda.
CHAPTER I
A RETROSPECT
THE POSITION OF WOMEN BEFORE THE GREAT EUROPEAN WAR
There is one profound weakness in your movement towards emancipation. Your whole argument is based on an acceptance of male values. Dr. Ananda Coomaraswary.
As I set out to write yet another book on Woman, I find it necessary first to decide whether the primary interest should rest in the eternal instincts, passions and typical character of womanhood, or in womens actions and characters as affected by the unusual conditions of the time in which my work is undertaken. It is a decision by no means so simple as it would seem.
Always the realisation of what is immediately before us tends by its vivid nearness to give an over-estimation of its significance. But to read life in this way is to understand very little. Something must be done to clear our vision so that we may take a wider view. The present, after all, is but the day at which the past and the future meet.
Yet there are times when some overwhelming event so sharply changes the present as to obscure all the shining wonder of life. And at no period in history has this been more true than it has been in Europe in the last two years. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a period of deeper or more rapid change. War came upon us without warning, like a thunderbolt from a clear sky; and in a day the outlook of life was changed.
Now, this thought of surprising and quick-coming change brings me to something it is necessary for me to say. My book should have been begun many months back, at the very beginning of the war. But here I have to make a confession. The war caused in my mind a confusion that for some time left me extremely uncertain upon many things about which hitherto I have been sure. It has been a war of miracles in so far as it has made real much that seemed outside the world of possibility. Our sluggard imaginations have been stirred by an appeal that has aroused many primitive emotions.
I recall the opening sentence in the last book that I wrote on Woman. The twentieth century is the age of Woman. Some day, it may be, it will be looked back upon as the golden agethe dawn, some say, of feminine civilisation.
Now, as I read this statement, which, when I wrote it, I felt to be true, it appears so wrong as to be almost ridiculous. That sort of dream is over.
What a fantastic picture it was that Suffrage militancy made for itself before the outbreak of the war. We pictured a golden age which was to come with the self-assertion of women; an age in which most of those problems that have vexed mankind from the dawn of history were to be solved automatically by a series of quick penny-in-the-slot reforms, that would follow on the splendour and superiority of womans rule. Militants, aflame for the reformation of man, discussed prostitution, the White Slave traffic, and all sex problems with a zeal that was partly pathological and partly the result of a Utopian dream.