May/June 2005
If you buy a hybrid before 2006, you can take a $2,000 deduction onyour federal income taxes. Basically, this deduction will reduceyour federal taxable income by $2,000. For hybrids bought afterJan. 1, 2006, the recently enacted energy bill set up tax credits ?ranging from $250 to $3,400, depending on the vehicles fueleconomy. The credit would go toward your tax liability, the amountyou owe before any withholdings.
Over the long term, the credit will be more advantageous to thosewho buy newer hybrid models and less helpful to those who buybetter-selling hybrids such as the Prius. The energy billestablished a complex formula to reduce the credits once anautomaker sells more than 60,000 hybrids after Jan. 1. Hybridbuyers in 14 states also can take advantage of state-levelincentives, including tax credits and exemptions from sales tax.Hybrid buyers in Colorado, for example, are eligible for taxcredits of more than $4,500. There also are nonfinancial incentives? such as being allowed to drive in lanes for high-occupancyvehicles and park without paying meter fees. Visit www.hybridcars.com to seeif there are programs where you live.
Buy a Ford Escape Hybrid before 2006 and you can take a $2,000 deduction on your federal income taxes.
MOTHER EARTH NEWS reader Joe Monninger of Warren, New Hampshire
May/June 2005
If your image of a dog sled team conjures up pictures of Alaskas 1,100-mile Iditarod race, think again. Dog teams can be fitted for all kinds of jobs.
My family lives in Warren, N.H., on the edge of White Mountain National Forest. We have a four-dog team that hauls us through miles of northern landscape in every season.
When its time to work, we can hook our team to a cargo sled or toboggan and use them to haul freight. A four-dog team can pull a 200-pound person 10 miles at an average speed of 15 mph, so they have no problem pulling a bundle or two of kindling, or several buckets of newly tapped maple syrup. They also can follow a snowmobile trail just about anywhere, and theres nothing quite like visiting a neighbors house on a sled.
Dog sledding may not be for everyone, but on a small scale it is far less complicated than you may imagine. We use four Alaskan sled dogs ? Muppin, Charlie, Willow and Laika ? but most draft dogs will do as well. (Try Siberians or Malamutes if you intend to pull greater weights, because they tend to be larger.)
Nearly every northern state boasts a sled dog club. Watch the classifieds. Check Sled Dog Central or Noonsack Racing Supply. Unless you are considering running the dogs in races, you neednt acquire first-string dogs.
Wouldnt a snowmobile be easier? Sure. But when our son stands on the runners of the sled, ready to guide the team over a six-mile trail, I inevitably feel pride. The dogs are part of our day, so ingrained in the fabric of our hours that we could not imagine life without them. They are as distinct in our minds as we are to each other.
May/June 2005
According to the NationalSustainable Agriculture Information Service, the followingnative bees are particularly good pollinators of certain crops,although they pollinate other flowering plants, as well:
- Alkali bees: onions, clover, mint and celery
- Bumblebees: blueberries, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers,melons, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries andcranberries
- Carpenter bees: passionfruit, blackberries, canola,corn, peppers and beans
- Leafcutter bees: legumes, especially alfalfa, andcarrots
- Mason bees: almonds, apples, cherries, pears, plums andblueberries
- Shaggy fuzzyfoot bees: blueberries and apples
- Squash bees: squash, gourds and pumpkins
May/June 2005
People across the country are finding new and reliable ways to putfresher, healthier food on the dinner table. They are buyinglocally ? milk, eggs and meat from that farm down the road;delicious tomatoes and peppers from an open-air market in yourhometown; and herbs from your next-door neighbor. Increasingly suchchoices are easier to find.
More than 3,000 farmers markets, 1,000 Community SupportedAgriculture (CSA) programs and hundreds of natural food co-ops haveanswered the call for Real Food across the United States, andthose numbers continue to grow. Meanwhile, local food also isappearing on menus from upscale restaurants to school cafeterias,hospitals and other community-based food services. Check out Local Harvest to findReal Food near you; search for farmers markets, organicrestaurants, community supported agriculture (CSA) programs andcooperative grocery stories in your area.
July/August 2005
For great pickles, try this home-canning recipe for quick, crunchydilly beans.
4 pounds of garden-fresh green beans
For each pint jar:
1 or 2 sprigs of fresh dill
1 clove of garlic (or to taste)
Pinch hot pepper
Pickling solution:
5 cups water
5 cups vinegar
1/2 cup pickling salt
Place dill, garlic and hot pepper in each pint jar, then pack jarwith green beans (wide-mouth jars work best). Bring water, vinegarand pickling salt to a boil, and pour it over the beans, fillingjars to one-fourth inch from the top. Process for 5 minutes in aboiling water bath. Yields 7 pints.
July/August 2005
R-values are a measure of a materials resistance to heat; thehigher the value, the better the insulative properties. Althoughthey are a convenient and common yardstick to measure thermalperformance, the usefulness of them is limited.
In a 2000study by Brock University in Ontario, two almost identicalhomes ? one built with a stick frame and the other with StructuralInsulated Panels (SIPs) ? were compared for energy efficiency.Thermal analysis revealed the 2-by-6 stick frame house (rated atR-20) performed at an R-4 equivalent, while the 4 1/2-inch-wide SIPhome performed at a true R-17 level in 13-degreetemperatures.
The reason for the wide discrepancy is because, unlike framesystems, SIPs offer continuous insulation values across large areasof airtight walls, unbroken by studs that would otherwise conductheat and let cold air into the building. In terms of real-worldenergy conservation, the SIPs home consumed only a quarter as muchenergy over one year as its stick-built counterpart, even thoughR-value ratings were comparable.
July/August 2005
The construction of an average home (2,000 square feet) usuallyresults in 8,000 pounds of construction waste. Add that to thewaste generated by demolition, and the figures are astounding:Every year in the United States, 136 million tons of constructionand demolition waste are tossed into landfills. This debris amountsto more than half of all landfill waste ? and much of it can bereused if handled properly. Here are several ways you can locatereclaimed and recycled construction materials:
- The Internet.Freecycling is aneasy-to-use Internet service for people who want to trade thingslocally, for free. Also try Build.Recycle.Net and Sustainable Architecture,Building and Culture for a list of similar organizations. Andfrequently, there are auctions of used construction materials at eBay.
- Your neighborhood.
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