The following works written in English explain the social, intellectual, political, religious, and artistic milieu of medieval Europe. Since many excellent books have not been translated, readers of foreign languages should consult the bibliographies of Paetow, Raby, and other authors named below, as well as the listings under special articles in a recent edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. References to fiction or fictionized reconstructions are marked by an asterisk (*).
GENERAL
Baring-Gould, S., The Lives of the Saints , rev. ed., 16 vols., Edinburgh, 1914.
Batiffol, P., History of the Roman Breviary , translated by A. M. Y. Baylay, London, 1912.
Beazley, C. R., The Dawn of Modern Geography , 3 vols., London, 18971906.
Boissonade, P., Life and Work in Medieval Europe , translated by E. Power, London, 1927.
Britt, M., The Hymns of the Breviary and Missal , rev. ed., New York, 1936.
Cambridge, Medieval History , 8 vols., Cambridge, 19111936.
Carlyle, R. W., and Carlyle, A. J., History of Medieval Political Theory in the West , 6 vols., London, 19031936.
Chadwick, H. M., and Chadwick, N. K., The Growth of Literature , Vol. I, Cambridge, 1932.
Chaytor, H. J., From Script to Print: an Introduction to Medieval Literature , Cambridge, 1945.
Clark, A. C., The Descent of Manuscripts , Oxford, 1918.
Coulton, G. G., Five Centuries of Religion , 3 vols., Cambridge, 19231936.
Coulton, G. G., Life in the Middle Ages , 4 vols., Cambridge, 19281930.
Crump, G. C., and Jacob, E. F., Legacy of the Middle Ages , Oxford, 1926.
Duchesne, L., Christian Worship: Its Origin and Evolution , translated by M. L. McClure, 5th ed., London, 1919.
Edwardes, M., Summary of the Literatures of Modern Europe (A.D. 600 1400 ), London, 1907.
Farrar, C. P., and Evans, A. P., Bibliography of English Translations from Medieval Sources, New York, 1946.
Gregorovius, F., Rome in the Middle Ages , translated by A. Hamilton, 8 vols. in 13, London, 18941902.
Holweck, F. G., A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints , St. Louis, 1924.
Julian, J., ed., A Dictionary of Hymnology , rev. ed., London, 1907.
Lagarde, A., The Latin Church in the Middle Ages , translated by A. Alexander, Edinburgh, 1915.
Medieval Towns Series ( Canterbury, Cambridge, Chartres, Padua, Paris, Venice, etc.), 35 vols., New York, various dates.
Montalembert, C. F. R., Comte de, Monks of the West , authorized translation, 7 vols., Edinburgh, 18611879.
Morey, C. R., Medieval Art , New York, 1942.
Munro, D. C., and Sellery, G. C., Medieval Civilization , enlarged ed., New York, 1907.
Paetow, J. L., A Guide to the Study of Medieval History , rev. ed., New York, 1931.
Palaeographical Society, Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions , ed. E. A. Bond and others, Series I-II, London, 18731901. New Paleographical Society, Facsimiles of Ancient Manuscripts , Parts IX, London, 19031912. Second Series, 1913 .
Pirenne, H., Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe , translated by I. E. Clegg, New York, 1937. Raby, F. J. E., A History of Christian Latin Poetry... to the Close of the Middle Ages , Oxford, 1927.
Raby, F. J. E., A History of Secular Latin Poetry in the Middle Ages, 2 vols., Oxford, 1934.
Reese, G., Music in the Middle Ages , New York, 1940.
*Reinhard, J. R., Mediaeval Pageant , New York, 1939.
Sarton, G., Introduction to the History of Science , 3 vols., Baltimore, 19271948.
Taylor, H. O., The Medieval Mind , 2 vols., London, 1911.
Thompson, S., Motif-Index of Folk Literature , 6 vols., Bloomington, Ind., 19321936.
Thorndike, L., A History of Magic and Experimental Science , 2 vols., New York, 1923. Idem, 14th and 15th Centuries , 2 vols., New York, 1934.
Tupper, F., Types of Society in Medieval Literature , New York, 1926.
Wendell, B., The Traditions of European Literature from Homer to Dante, New York, 1920.
PART I, THE CHRISTIAN TRADITION
*Collins, W. W., Antonina (Sack of Rome, Alaric), London, 1852.
Dalton, O. M., trans., Letters of Sidonius Apollinaris (A.D. 430483), 2 vols., London, 1925.
Delehaye, H., The Legends of the Saints , translated by V. M. Crawford, London, 1907.
Duckett, E. S., Latin Writers of the Fifth Century , New York, 1930.
Duckett, E. S., The Gateway to the Middle Ages , New York, 1938.
Dudden, F. H., The Life and Times of St. Ambrose , 2 vols., Oxford, 1935.
Dudden, F. H., Gregory the Great: His Place in History and Thought, 2 vols., London, 1905.
*Gissing, G., Veranilda (Theodoric and the Gothic Kingdom), London, 1904.
Haarhoff, T., Schools of Gaul... in the Last Century of the Western Empire , London, 1900.
*Hollis, G., Leo of Mediolanum (Ambrose, Augustine, Monica), London, 1909.
Labriolle, P. C., History and Literature of Christianity from Tertullian to Boethius , translated by H. Wilson, New York, 1925.
Laistner, M. L. W., Thought and Letters in Western Europe, 500900 A.D., London, 1931.
Loomis, C. G., White Magic: An Introduction to the Folklore of Christian Legend , Cambridge, Mass., 1948.
Rand, E. K., Founders of the Middle Ages , Cambridge, Mass., 1928.
Smith, W., and Cheetham, S., Dictionary of Christian Antiquities , 2 vols., London, 18751880.
Smith, W., and Wace, H., Dictionary of Christian Biography, 4 vols., London, 18771887.
Wright, F. A., trans., Fathers of the Church: A Selection from the Writings of the Latin Fathers, London, 1928.
Wright, F. A., and Sinclair, P. A., A History of Later Latin Literature, New York, 1931.
PART II, IRISH LITERATURE
Best, R. I., A Bibliography of Irish Philology and Printed Irish Literature, Dublin, 1913.
Cross, T. P., and Slover, C. H., trans., Ancient Irish Tales, New York, 1936.
Dillon, M., The Cycles of the Kings, Oxford, 1946.
Flower, R., The Irish Tradition, Oxford, 1947.
Gougaud, L., Christianity in Celtic Lands, translated by M. Joynt, London, 1932.
Hubert, H., The Greatness and Decline of the Celts, London, 1934.
Hull, E., The Poem-Book of the Gael, London, 1912.
Hull, E., Textbook of Irish Literature, 2 vols., Dublin, 19061908.
Jackson, K., Studies in Early Celtic Nature-Poetry, Cambridge, 1935.
Kenney, J. F., Sources for the Early History of Ireland, Vol. I (Ecclesiastical), New York, 1929.
*MacPherson, J., The Works of Ossian, 2 vols., London, 1765.
Zimmer, H., The Irish Element in Medieval Culture, translated by J. L. Edmands, New York, 1891.
(See also Chadwick above and Allen and Jones below.)
PART III, OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
Anderson, G. K., The Literature of the Anglo-Saxons, Princeton, 1949.
Atkins, J. W. H., English Literary Criticism: The Medieval Phase, Cambridge, 1943.
Brown, G. B., The Arts in Early England, 6 vols., London, 19031920.
Chambers, R. W., Beowulf, rev. ed., Cambridge, 1932.
Duckett, E. S., Anglo-Saxon Saints and Scholars, New York, 1947.
Hodgkin, R. H., History of the Anglo-Saxons, 2 vols., Oxford, 1935.
Jones, C. W., Saints Lives and Chronicles in Early England, Ithaca, N.Y., 1947.
Kennedy, C. W., The Earliest English Poetry, New York, 1943.
*Kipling, R., Puck of Pooks Hill, New York, 1906.
Levison, W., England and the Continent in the Eighth Century, Oxford, 1946.
Sampson, G., The Cambridge Book of Prose and Verse ... from the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance, Cambridge, 1924.