Will Durant - The Story of Philosophy

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WILL DURANT (18851981) was awarded the Pulitzer Prize(1968)and the Medal of Freedom (1977). He spent over fifty years writing his critically acclaimed eleven-volume series, The Story of Civilization (the later volumes written in conjunction with his wife, Ariel). His book The Story of Philosophy (1926) has introduced more people to the subject of philosophy than any other. Throughout his long life, Durant was passionate in his quest to bring philosophy out of the ivory towers of academia and into the lives of laypeople. A champion of human rights issues such as the brotherhood of man and social reform long before such issues were popular, Durant, through his writings, continues to entertain and educate readers the world over, inspiring millions of people to lead lives of great perspective, understanding, and forgiveness.

Cover painting Alinari Archives/CORBIS

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BY WILL DURANT

THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY

TRANSITION

THE PLEASURES OF PHILOSOPHY

ADVENTURES IN GENIUS

THE STORY OF CIVILIZATION:

I. Our Oriental Heritage

II. The Life of Greece

III. Caesar and Christ

IV. The Age of Faith

V. The Renaissance

VI. The Reformation

BY WILL AND ARIEL DURANT

VII. The Age of Reason Begins

VIII. The Age of Louis XIV

IX. The Age of Voltaire

X. Rousseau and Revolution

XI. The Age of Napoleon

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TO MY WIFE

Grow strong, my comrade... that you may stand

Unshaken when I fall; that I may know

The shattered fragments of my song will come

At last to finer melody in you;

That I may tell my heart that you begin

Where passing I leave off, and fathom more.

SIMON & SCHUSTER PAPERBACKS

ROCKEFELLER CENTER

1230 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS

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www.SimonandSchuster.com

COPYRIGHT 1926, 1927, 1933, RENEWED 1954, 1955, 1961

BY WILL DURANT

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

INCLUDING THE RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION

IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN ANY FORM

FIRST SIMON & SCHUSTER PAPERBACK EDITION 2005

SIMON & SCHUSTER PAPERBACKS AND COLOPHON

ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF SIMON & SCHUSTER, INC.

ISBN-13: 978-0-671-69500-2

ISBN-10: 0-671-69500-2

ISBN-13: 978-0-671-20159-3 (PBK)

ISBN-10: 0-671-20159-X (PBK)

ISBN-13: 978-1-47670-260-5 (eBook)

My publishers have asked me to use the occasion given by a new edition of The Story of Philosophy to discuss the general question of outlines, and to consider some of the shortcomings of the volume. I am glad of this opportunity to acknowledge these, and to express with all the weakness of mere words the gratitude that I must always feel for the generosity with which, despite so many defects, the American public has received this book.

The outlines came because a million voices called for them. Human knowledge had become unmanageably vast; every science had begotten a dozen more, each subtler than the rest; the telescope revealed stars and systems beyond the mind of man to number or to name; geology spoke in terms of millions of years, where men before had thought in terms of thousands; physics found a universe in the atom, and biology found a microcosm in the cell; physiology discovered inexhaustible mystery in every organ, and psychology in every dream; anthropology reconstructed the unsuspected antiquity of man, archeology unearthed buried cities and forgotten states, history proved all history false, and painted a canvas which only a Spengler or an Eduard Meyer could vision as a whole; theology crumbled, and political theory cracked; invention complicated life and war, and economic creeds overturned governments and inflamed the world; philosophy itself, which had once summoned all sciences to its aid in making a coherent image of the world and an alluring picture of the good, found its task of coordination too stupendous for its courage, ran away from all these battlefronts of truth, and hid itself in recondite and narrow lanes, timidly secure from the issues and responsibilities of life. Human knowledge had become too great for the human mind.