William - The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: Patanjalis Yoga-Sutra – the Guide of Yoga

CHAPTER 1

SAMADHIPADAH
Sutra Patanjali is represented in four chapters.

1-1

yoganusasanam

The first sutra introduces into the essence of the question at hand, as it should be in accordance with oral traditions. In ancient Sanskrit literature it is accepted that the first word, atha, serves as an addition to prayer, providing a favorable beginning and successful completion of the upcoming work.
This begins an authoritative instruction on yoga.
Patanjali notes that the subject in question has an ancient prehistory and he is not its founder.

1-2

yogasgcitta vrttinirodhah

What is yoga? This word has many interpretations, and it corresponds to a lot. Patanjali gives his definition of the word.
Yoga is the ability to direct the mind exclusively to the object and hold this direction without being distracted.
The object of observation can be both external to us and an inner part of ourselves.

1-3

then drastic poundupe 'vasthanam

Then it becomes obvious the ability to understand the object completely and correctly.
In the state of yoga there is an ability to control all kinds of prejudices and fictional elements.

1-4

vrttisarupyamitaratra

In the absence of a state of mind called yoga,
the ability to understand an object is either replaced by its mental concept or simply absent as such.
Excited mind rarely stands up to one direction.

1-5

vrttayah pancatayyah klistaklistah

What is reason? Patanjali defines it through its inherent manifestations. The mind cannot be perceived as anything other than through these manifestations.
There are five manifestations of reason.
Whether these manifestations will be useful or harmful is not immediately clear.

1-6

pramana viparyayavikalpanidrasmrta well

Five manifestations are comprehension, misunderstood understanding, imagination, deep sleep and memory.
Each mental manifestation has its own characteristics.

1-7

pratyaksanumanagamah pramanani

Each of the manifestations has a pronounced character.
The comprehension is based on direct observation of the object, inference and information from authoritative sources.
The mind registers the object through its sensations.
In this state, it is more in line with the true nature of the object.

1-8

viparyayo mithyajnanamatadrupa pratistham

A perverse understanding is an understanding that is perceived as correct until more favorable conditions reveal the true nature of the object.
The misconception is due to erroneous observation or misinterpretation of what we saw.

1-9

sabdajnananupati vastusunyo vikalpab

Imagination is an object's comprehension based only on words and expressions. Even in the absence of an object.
This occurs in the absence of direct perception. Additional help is provided by the use of poetry or
oratory.

1-10

abhavapratyayalambana tamovrttirnidra

Deep sleep occurs when the mind is full of inertia and there are no other manifestations.
Sleep is a universal and regularly recurring manifestation of the mind.

1-11

anubhutavisa yasampramosah deaths

Memory is the mental preservation of conscious experience.
It is impossible to tell whether the memory is true, false, real or imagined.
Each of the manifestations of the mind and all of them together is a confirmation of the existence of this mind.

1-12

abhyasavairagyabhyam tannirodhah

How do we get to the state of yoga? What should we do and what should we not?
The mind can achieve a state of yoga through exercise and detachment.

1-13

tatra sthitau yatno 'bhyasah

What are the main features of these exercises? Although there is no description of the techniques used, the following two sutras indicate their properties.
Exercise is basically the right effort required to move forward, achieve and maintain the state of yoga (see 1-2).
Selected exercises should be properly mastered under the guidance of a mentor who knows and understands the learner.

1-14

sa tu dirghakalanairantaryasatkaradarasevito drdhabhumih

Only after a long run of the right exercises, without interruptions, if there is a positive attitude to them and zeal, you can achieve the desired.
It is common to be energetic, enthusiastic to start classes and get results immediately.

1-15

drstanusravika visa yavitrsnasya
vasikarasamjnavairagyam

As we learn exercise, we discover how our ability to self-discipline and neutralize side effects increases. Eventually we can reach a state of detachment when.
At the highest level, there is no desire for both higher feelings and extraordinary experiences.
Physical strength and agility, increased awareness and sensitivity are a useful result.

1-16

tatparam purusakhyatergunavaitrsnyam

Further,
when an individual has reached a full understanding of his true essence, he will no longer succumb to distraction, both inside and outside.
The detachment develops as self-knowledge.

1-17