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Patricia Bazeley 2018
First published 2018
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936758
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-4129-6185-1
ISBN 978-1-4129-6186-8 (pbk)
Editor: Jai Seaman
Assistant Editor: Alysha Owen
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Cover design: Shaun Mercier
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Printed in the UK
Preface: A Focus on Analysis
With the popularisation of mixed methods has come realisation that there are many ways to think about and practise the integration of different data sources and analyses well before conclusions are being drawn. Some of these methods are long established, but many are fresh and developing, as researchers capitalise on and share their creative skills, often supported by the capacity of software to provide new (or more accessible) opportunities for data management, analysis, and integration.
In this book I focus on the various ways in which different approaches to data collection and analysis can be integrated during the analysis stage of a project. Other resources focus on designing for integration of methods, and it is assumed that the reader has some familiarity with these. Similarly, there are multiple resources available covering both basic and advanced strategies for statistical and other forms of quantitative analysis, and for various approaches to qualitative analysis. Again, it is assumed the reader (or members of the team of which the reader is a member) has familiarity with these; they will not be specifically covered in this book.
This book and the strategies described in it are premised on the belief that data analysis in all behavioural and social research, regardless of the method(s) being used, requires a combination of empiricism and interpretation. Further, to deeply understand human experience and human behaviour at any level, whether that be individual, group, or societal, it is beneficial, if not essential, to employ a variety of approaches, components, data, and/or strategies for data collection and analysis. Integration of those elements is then needed to ensure coherence in results, to satisfy the purpose of the study and to answer the questions asked.
The text is set out in three parts:
- provides foundations and a framework for understanding and undertaking integrated analyses in mixed methods inquiry.
- describes a comprehensive range of strategies for integrating mixed methods sources and analyses and illustrates each of these with specific examples. Mixed methods projects might involve one of these strategies, a combination of several, or an innovative approach that combines parts to make new wholes.
- provides suggestions to help readers maximise the potential of their analyses as they seek to develop coherent outcomes that achieve the goals of their research.
Links to additional resources for the mixed methods analyst are available on the companion website for this book. In addition, two databases are provided in various formats, to allow readers to explore and experiment with strategies using mixed sources of data in their preferred software. Several of the examples in this book have been drawn from these databases.
The Performance database is derived from a brief questionnaire containing closed and open questions, sent to all academics in three varied universities at a time when Australia was first introducing performance assessment for research into the university system. For each of eight characteristics, the academics were asked to think about and describe a researcher they knew who might have that characteristic. They were also asked to rate the relative importance of each of those characteristics for doing research, and for assessing research. Data are provided as coded text supplemented by variable data in NVivo, MAXQDA, Dedoose, and QDA Miner formats.
The Wellbeing database is extracted from a current project looking at what wellbeing means for older women, how that relates to health, and at the role that gender and age specific, community-based activity centres can have in enhancing the health and wellbeing of older women. Data sources include a group discussion, interviews, a report from survey data, some variable data, links to video data, cultural domain data, and literature. An interim report from the project is also included within the NVivo database.
Acknowledgements
Given the multiple chapters and articles I had already written on integrating mixed methods analyses, and the number of years I had been experimenting with different approaches to integrating analyses, I innocently believed that writing a book length version of what I had learned would be straightforward. How mistaken I was! Writing this book has been a long, rather lonely, and always demanding enterprise, all too often interrupted by life events. Throughout, I have benefited from the patient encouragement of Jai Seaman, Sage commissioning editor. Anonymous reviewers provided useful feedback, and colleagues provided reassurance that my endeavour was not being undertaken in vain.
I am indebted to the developers of the four qualitative analysis programs covered in the text for their assistance in providing me with access to their software, for permission to use screen displays of their software, including some directly from their websites, and for their helpful responses when I have had questions. Thank you to QSR International (NVivo), Verbi GmbH (MAXQDA), Provalis Research (QDA Miner), and SocioCultural Research Consultants LLC (Dedoose).