Professor Of Political Science Robert S Ross - Chinas Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics
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Assessments of Chinas importance on the world stage usually focus on a single dimension of Chinas increasing power, rather than on the multiple sources of Chinas rise, including its economic might and the continuing modernization of its military. This book offers multiple analytical perspectivesconstructivist, liberal, neorealiston the significance of the many dimensions of Chinas regional and global influence.Distinguished authors consider the likelihood of conflict and peaceful accommodation as China grows ever stronger. They look at the changing position of China from the inside: How do Chinese policymakers evaluate the contemporary international order and what are the regional and global implications of that worldview? The authors also address the implications of Chinas increasing power for Chinese policymaking and for the foreign policies of Korea, Japan, and the United States.
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Professor Of Political Science Robert S Ross
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Chinas Ascent
Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics
EDITED BY
Robert S. Ross and Zhu Feng
Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON
Contents
- Robert S. Ross and Zhu Feng
- Jack S. Levy
- Zhu Feng
- Avery Goldstein
- G. John Ikenberry
- Qin Yaqing and Wei Ling
- Tang Shiping
- Jeffrey W. Legro
- Byung-Kook Kim
- Akio Takahara
- Jonathan Kirshner
- Robert J. Art
- Robert S. Ross and Zhu Feng
Contributors
ROBERT ART is Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations at Brandeis University and Director of MITs Seminar XXI Program.
AVERY GOLDSTEIN is Professor and Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Pennsylvania and Associate Director of its Christopher Browne Center for International Politics.
G. JOHN IKENBERRY is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
BYUNG-KOOK KIM is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Institute for Peace Studies, Korea University. He has also directed the East Asia Institute, an independent think tank based in Seoul.
JONATHAN KIRSHNER is Professor of Government at Cornell University. He is coeditor of the book series Cornell Studies in Money.
JEFFREY W. LEGRO is Compton Professor of World Politics, Chair of the Department of Politics, and Co-Director of the Governing America in a Global Era Program at the Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia.
JACK S. LEVY is Board of Governors Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, President of the International Studies Association (20078), and past President of the Peace Science Society (20056).
QIN YAQING is Professor of International Studies at China Foreign Affairs University. He is also Vice President of the China National Association for International Studies.
ROBERT S. ROSS is Professor of Political Science at Boston College. He is a member of the Academic Advisory Group, U.S.-China Working Group, United States Congress.
AKIO TAKAHARA is Professor of Contemporary Chinese Politics at the Graduate School of Law and Politics, University of Tokyo.
TANG SHIPING is Se nior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
WEI LING is Associate Professor at China Foreign University. She is also Deputy Director of the East Asian Studies Center, Chinas national coordinator for the Network of East Asian Think Tanks.
ZHU FENG is Professor of International Relations and Deputy Director of the Center for International and Strategic Studies (CISS), Peking University.
Acknowledgments
The editors are grateful to the Ford Foundation and to Andrew Watson, Ford Foundation China Representative, for the financial support that made this project possible. They are also grateful to the School of International Studies, Peking University, and to Ren Qimin of the Center for Peace and Development for additional funding. The School of International Studies provided critical staff support that contributed to the success of the conference.
Introduction
Robert S. Ross and Zhu Feng
This volume is a collaborative effort among Chinese, American, Japanese, and South Korean scholars to apply the theoretical international relations literature on power transitions to the contemporary dynamics brought on by the rise of China. Our objective is to understand the implications of the ongoing U.S.-China power transition for contemporary international politics.
The contributions to the volume do not reflect the perspective of a single theoretical tradition. Rather, the volume brings together the scholarship of specialists on various aspects of international politics to consider the U.S.-China power transition from multiple theoretical and national foreign policy dimensions. The authors do share an understanding that the direction of international politics and the behavior of states are not determined by a single variable and that the outcome of power transitions is not predetermined. This shared understanding of international politics and of state behavior extends to our perspectives on the dynamics of power transitions in general and to the specific dynamics of the U.S.-China power transition.
Power Transitions and International Conflict
Power transitions are among the most destabilizing events in international politics. Shifts in the distribution of power among the great powers, together with associated conflicts over the redistribution of the goods of the international system, have been recurring sources of great power conflict and of prolonged and destructive great power wars. The scholars in this volume recognize this reality and understand that the U.S.-China power transition will be characterized by significant economic and political conflicts of interest and persistent strategic competition. This is expected great power behavior during periods of stable distributions of power; it is even more so during power transitions.
Nonetheless, the participants in this volume also concur that war is not the inevitable outcome of great power transitions. Although the redistribution of great power capabilities may necessarily exacerbate conflicts of interest, this redistribution alone cannot determine the intensity or outcome of those conflicts, or whether there is a peaceful resolution of them. This is because the costs that great powers are prepared to incur, and thus the intensity and means with which they pursue their more expansive interests, are responsive to the particular international and domestic policy conditions during each transition. In this respect, despite recurring heightened conflict associated with power transitions generally, each power transition is a unique event. It reflects the particular historically bounded combination of multiple factors that bear on the behavior of great powers and on the sources of conflict and cooperation among them.
The chapters in this volume address various factors that combine to shape the behavior of the great powers involved in power transitions and that influence the severity of conflicts and the likelihood of a peaceful adjustment to the redistribution of power. They consider how these factors combine to create the unique dynamics of the U.S.-China power transition and the prospects for a peaceful transition.
The Structure of the Volume
The chapters in this volume divide into four parts. Part I considers the content of contemporary global and East Asian structures and their effect on the U.S.-China power transition. Part II addresses the potential role of international and regional multilateral institutions in mitigating the sources of instability in this power transition. The focus of Part III are the domestic sources of Chinas evolving ambitions and its foreign policy behavior, the potential sources of policy change, and the resulting implications for Chinas contribution to a stable power transition. The response of South Korea, Japan and the United States to the rise of China and the implications for the emerging regional and global orders and for the prospects for a stable power transition are dealt with in Part IV. The volumes concluding chapter offers some preliminary findings regarding the sources and likelihood of a peaceful U.S.-China power transition.
The argument underlying Part I is that fundamental aspects of interstate behavior, including the causes and outcome of conflict, are shaped by circumstances common to all states, so that there are recurring aspects of power transitions that transcend time and space. The most fundamental element of this structural approach is the anarchic structure of the international system. Anarchy determines that states seek security through self-help mechanisms, including war, and that they are preoccupied with their power position relative to other countries. Anarchy leads states to focus on other states capabilities, not their intentions, in assessing threats. This creates the security dilemma, whereby what one state does to enhance its security contributes to another states insecurity. Anarchy thus explains why shifts in relative power can create insecurity and conflicts.
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