Presidential
Leadership in an
Age of Change
The Presidential Briefings Series
Robert J. Spitzer, Series Editor
The Presidential Briefings Series provides concise and readable introductions to topics of concern to those who have been and will be President of the United States. By approaching their subjects from the vantage point of what a president most needs to know, and what the citizenry most need to know about the presidency, these books are authoritative and significant works on subjects related to the presidency.
Previously published and forthcoming works include:
Political Rhetoric by Mary E. Stuckey
Making Foreign Policy Decisions by Christopher J. Fettweis
Presidential Leadership in an Age of Change by Michael A. Genovese
Picking Judges by Nancy Maveety
PRESIDENTIAL BRIEFINGS
Presidential
Leadership in an
Age of Change
MICHAEL A.
GENOVESE
First published 2016 by Transaction Publishers
Published 2017 by Routledge
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Copyright 2016 by Taylor & Francis.
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Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2015032136
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Genovese, Michael A.
Title: Presidential leadership in an age of change / Michael A. Genovese. Description: New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, [2015] |
Series: The presidential briefings series | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015032136| ISBN 9781412862547 (cloth) | ISBN 9781412862561 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781412862080 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Presidents--United States. | Executive power-United States. | Political leadership--United States.
Classification: LCC JK516 .G464 2015 | DDC 352.230973--dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015032136
ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-6256-1 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-6254-7 (hbk)
Dedicated to
Gabriela, my everything
CONTENTS
This book is a culmination of thirty-five years of thinking, teaching, and writing about presidential power. It reflects my current thinking about this elusive beast; of how presidents, constrained and tied-down, may, at times, rise above the multiple restraints built into the system of government, and actually lead. Those few who have been kind enough to follow my career will note bits and pieces that are drawn from previous works I have published. You may note the consistent themes and recurring concerns. But you will also see several things that are new and different. I have added two key elements to my analysis of presidential power: (1) the emergence of globalization and hyperchange as factors influencing presidential power; and (2) the introduction of a new conceptualization of presidential power: leveraged leadership.
I am not the obsessive typeOK, maybejust a little bit. In fact, an examination of my academic career might suggest minor obsessions with figuring out why so many presidents so often fall short short of our needs; short of our expectations; short of their promises. Ive written books with such titles as The Presidential Dilemma, The Presidency and the Challenges of Democracy, and The Paradoxes of the American Presidency. In all of them, I address the vexing questions: What is wrong with the American presidency? Why are our presidents so often so disappointing?
This book is designed as a short primer to presidential leadership. In this book, I hope to first make the case that our recent presidents have failed to live up to our needs and expectations. Next, I will show how presidents try to lead, what tools and skills they employ in their attempts to govern. Third, I will present a theory of president leadership that isI hopebetter suited to the needs and demands of a world of globalization and hyperchange: leveraged leadership. Finally, I will explore the ends of government in the context of the problems of presidential leadership.
Many hands joined together to bring the project to completion. John Pickhaver, the administrative assistant at the Loyola Marymount University Institute for Leadership Studies, was an expert project manager in pulling this manuscript together. I couldnt have done it without his expert assistance. Research assistants Jake Weitz, Dani Jordan, Nadine Iskandar, and Mouna Kezbar did excellent work as researchers and sounding boards. My thanks also go out to Series founder, the late Tom Langstem, Series editor, Robert Spitzer, and to Caroline Russomanno and Jennifer Nippins of Transaction. To each of you, my deepest thanks.
In the less than three months he served as vice president, Harry S Truman was kept out of the loop by ailing President Franklin D. Roosevelt. On the afternoon of April 12, 1945, after presiding over a session of the Senate, Truman made his way to the office of Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the House, for a friendly end-of-the-day drink.
Almost as soon as Truman arrived at Rayburns office, a call came for him from the White House. Truman was to go to the White House immediately. Upon arrivingunescortedhe took the elevator to the second floor and entered a study where he was met by Mrs. Roosevelt. She walked up to Truman, put her arm around his shoulder and said Harry, the President is dead.
Stunned, Truman took a short time to compose himself and then turned to Mrs. Roosevelt and asked, Is there anything I can do for you? to which the First Lady replied: Is there anything we can do for you? For you are the one in trouble now.
Trouble indeed. Politicians work for years, sometimes decades, to become president of the United States, and once they reach the top of what British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli called the greasy pole, they are beset with a series of problems, no-win situations, and occasionallyrarelyreal opportunities to make positive change.
Truman was one of the few modern presidents who did more than preside; he led. Of course, times were different then. Today presidents so often seem so small. Too often, they appear defeated by problems. With disturbing regularity, they disappoint us. Our task is to figure out why, and explore ways we might do better.
We live in an age of failed and disappointing leaders. Where have all the leaders gone? we often ask. The performance of our leaders in government and business seems either disappointing (government) or selfish (business). And while it is dangerous to paint with too broad a brush (yes, there are a few exceptions to our list of disappointing leaders), overall the quality of leadership seems to have diminished over the years. Our leaders seem to be prisoners, not masters of theirand ourfuture.
Of our last ten presidents, every one of them left office under unfavorable or dire circumstances. John Kennedy was assassinated. Lyndon Johnson decided not to run for reelection when faced with certainty of defeat over the divisive war in Vietnam. Richard Nixon resigned from office one step ahead of certain impeachment and conviction. Gerald Ford, our only appointed, unelected president, was defeated in his bid for election in 1976. Jimmy Carter lost his bid for reelection. Ronald Reagan had the second-term Iran-Contra scandal. George H. W. Bush was defeated in his 1992 reelection bid. Bill Clinton was impeached. George W. Bush left behind two wars and an economic recession. And Barack Obama