Xiaowei Zang - Islam, Family Life, and Gender Inequality in Urban China
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This book studies the relationship between Islam, family processes, and gender inequality among Uyghur Muslims in rmchi, China. Empirically, it shows in quantitative terms the extent of gender inequalities among Uyghur Muslims in rmchi and tests whether the gender inequalities are a difference in kind or in degree. It examines five aspects of gender inequality: employment, income, household task accomplishment, home management, and spousal power. Theoretically, it investigates how Islamic affiliation and family life affect Uyghur womens status.Zangs research involved rare and privileged access to a setting which is difficult for foreign scholars to study due to political restrictions. The data are drawn from fieldwork in rmchi between 2005 and 2008, which include a survey of 577 families, field observations, and 200 in-depth interviews with local Uyghurs. The book combines qualitative and quantitative data and methods to study gendered behavior and outcomes. The authors study reinterprets family power and offers a more nuanced analysis of gender and domestic power in China and makes a pioneering effort to study spousal power, gender inequality in labor market outcomes, and gender inequality in household chores among members of ethnic minorities in China.The book will be of interest to students and scholars of ethnic studies, Chinese studies, Asian anthropology and cultural sociology.
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Xiaowei Zang
Helmi Järviluoma
Christina Hughes
Xiaowei Zang
Shannon N. Davis (editor)
David E. Newton
Manuela Boatcă
Peggy Reeves Sanday
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Islam, Family Life, and Gender Inequality in Urban China
This book studies the relationship between Islam, family processes, and gender inequality among Uyghur Muslims in rmchi, China. Empirically, it shows in quantitative terms the extent of gender inequalities among Uyghur Muslims in rmchi and tests whether the gender inequalities are a difference in kind or in degree. It examines five aspects of gender inequality: employment, income, household task accomplishment, home management, and spousal power. Theoretically, it investigates how Islamic affiliation and family life affect Uyghur womens status.
Zangs research involved rare and privileged access to a setting which is difficult for foreign scholars to study due to political restrictions. The data are drawn from fieldwork in rmchi between 2005 and 2008, which include a survey of 577 families, field observations, and 230 in-depth interviews with local Uyghurs. The book combines qualitative and quantitative data and methods to study gendered behaviour and outcomes. The authors study reinterprets family power and offers a more nuanced analysis of gender and domestic power in China and makes a pioneering effort to study spousal power, gender inequality in labour market outcomes, and gender inequality in household chores among members of ethnic minorities in China.
The book will be of interest to students and scholars of ethnic studies, Chinese studies, Asian anthropology and cultural sociology.
Xiaowei Zang is Professor and Head of the School of East Asian Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK.
Routledge studies on ethnicity in Asia
Series editor: Xiaowei Zang
University of Sheffield, UK
This series provides a timely and important outlet for research outputs on ethnicity in Asia. It will encourage social science debates on theoretical issues related to Asian ethnicity and promote multidisciplinary approaches to the study of ethnicity in Asia.
1 Islam, Family Life, and Gender Inequality in Urban China
Xiaowei Zang
Islam, Family Life, and Gender Inequality in Urban China
Xiaowei Zang
First published 2012
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2012 Xiaowei Zang
The right of Xiaowei Zang to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Zang, Xiaowei.
Islam, family life, and gender inequality in urban China/Xiaowei Zang.
p. cm. (Routledge studies on ethnicity in Asia; 1) Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Uighur (Turkic people)ChinaSocial conditions.
2. MuslimsChinarmqiSocial conditions. 3. Muslim women
ChinaSocial conditions. 4. MinoritiesChinaSocial
conditions. 5. DiscriminationChina. I. Title.
DS731.U4Z36 2011
305.8943230516dc23
2011019811
ISBN: 978-0-415-68366-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-18097-6 (ebk)
Figures and tables
Figures
Tables
Preface
The rmchi study was conducted to explore an important question in the study of ethnicity in China: how does religious affiliation affect social relations (e.g. gendered behaviour and outcomes) among members of the minority nationalities in the Peoples Republic of China? There is little analysis of this effect. The rmchi study aims to narrow this knowledge gap. To achieve this goal, it focuses on gender inequalities in employment, earnings, domestic labour, household management, and spousal power. These five topics not only offer the rmchi study an opportunity to investigate the relationship between religious affiliation and gender inequality, but also put the rmchi study in the research frontier in ethnic studies and family studies in China. In particular, the study opens up a new research area in family studies, i.e. household management. It is also a pioneering effort to study spousal power and gender inequality in household chores among ethnic minorities in China.
The study assesses the extent of the gender gaps in these five areas with data collected from fieldwork in rmchi. It also examines whether Islamic affiliation is related to gendered behaviour and outcomes in these five areas. The study does not aim to establish Islamic affiliation as the only or the most important mechanism of gender inequalities among Uyghurs. There can be other alternative explanations. For example, state policies may also have contributed to gender inequality among Uyghurs, through nationalities policies that have protected or even encouraged certain practices as part of Uyghur cultural heritage. Other possible reasons include the changes in the labour market during Chinas transition to a market economy that have reduced state protection of ethnic minorities in general and women of minority status in particular; Uyghur nationalism (many national liberation movements demanded that women sublimate demands for gender equality until independence was achieved); and so on. These alternative hypotheses may suggest more of a historical approach, in addition to the cross-sectional approach adopted by the rmchi study.
No single work can possibly address all these possibilities since too many variables would be involved in the data analyses. The rmchi study thus focuses on the relationship between Islamic affiliation and gender inequalities among Uyghurs given the inadequate attention afforded to religious influence on gendered behaviour and outcomes among members of ethnic minorities in China. It considers two key components of Islamic affiliation, religiosity and family processes, and probes how they affect sexual stratification respectively. It does not intend to establish family processes as a key link between Islamic affiliation and womens status at the expense of religiosity, and vice versa. It insists that religiosity and family processes complement rather than compete with each other. In addition, despite its focus on religious affiliation and gender inequality, it does not intend to reduce the complex process of gender inequality to a single set of variables. Variables associated with gender inequalities such as demographic characteristics, human capital, and religious influence may act together additively, paralleling the concept of cumulative risk in the study of risk outcomes in medical sciences.
first outlines the geopolitical history of Xinjiang and rmchi and discusses the history of the Islamic religion in Xinjiang. Both historical data and field observations in rmchi are used in the discussion. Next, this chapter gives a brief description of fieldwork in rmchi, for example how the 2007 Survey sample was collected and how in-depth interviews were conducted. It then briefly describes the analytic methods, the dependent variables, and independent variables used in data analyses. It also explains how the independent variables are measured in the rmchi study.
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