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Maine (Battleship) , Spanish-American War, 1898--Naval operations.
publication date
:
1992
lcc
:
E721.6.W4 1992eb
ddc
:
973.8/95
subject
:
Maine (Battleship) , Spanish-American War, 1898--Naval operations.
Page iii
The Fate of the Maine
John Edward Weems
TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY PRESS College Station
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Copyright 1958, 1992 by John Edward Weems Manufactured in the United States of America All rights reserved
The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1984. Binding materials have been chosen for durability.
The author wishes to acknowledge permission to quote from:
Admirals of American Empire by Richard S. West Jr. Copyright 1948, used by special permission of the publishers, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc.
"The Battleship Maine and Pier 46, East River," by Arthur M. Johnson, published in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, November, 1955. Copyright 1955 U.S. Naval Institute.
Two Reels and a Crank by Albert E. Smith and Phil A. Koury. Copyright 1952 by Albert E. Smith. Reprinted by permission of Doubleday & Co. Inc.
W.R. Hearst by John K. Winkler. Copyright 1928, used by permission of the publisher, Simon and Schuster, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Weems, John Edward. The fate of the Maine / John Edward Weems. p. cm. Reprint. Originally published: New York: Holt, 1958. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89096-501-3 1. Maine (Battleship) 2. Spanish-American War, 1898 Naval operations. I. Title. E721.6.W4 1992 973.8'95 dc20 91-19098 CIP
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For Lieutenant Scott Maple, U.S. Navy, and Janet Weems Maple
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Foreword
The United States battleship Maine exploded and sank in Spanish-held Havana Harbor on the night of February 15, 1898, and the nation had a battle cry for a war that probably would have been fought anyway: "Remember the Maine!"
The ship had been sent to Havana three weeks earlier, ostensibly "to resume the friendly naval visits at Cuban ports," as the State Department said. Actually the Maine was sent to protect United States citizens, supposedly endangered by the increasing friction between the United States and Spain.
When the Maine blew up, most Americans held Spain responsible, although the evidence was never sufficient to affix blame officially. Some two months later came the Spanish-American War, which was to mark the final collapse of the Spanish Empire and the emergence of the United States as a world power, a rank it has held to this day. Cuba, Guam, the Philippine Archipelago, Puerto Rico, and all other Spanish islands in the West Indies were ceded to the United States, which then entertained fond hopes for an empire of its own.
A glance backward will show that many persons in the United States, including some influential men in government and several important newspaper officials, desired the war.
One of them was Theodore Roosevelt, soon to be Assistant Secretary of the Navy, who said in 1896: "I do not
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think a war with Spain would be serious enough to cause much strain on the country or much interruption to the revival of prosperity, but I certainly wish the matter could be settled this winter."
Two years later, publisher William Randolph Hearst reportedly wired illustrator Frederic Remington, when Remington sought permission to return home from Cuba in March of 1898: "Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."
The reason given by most Americans who wanted war was, oddly enough, to put a stop to the bloody fighting between Spanish forces and insurgents in Cuba, so close to our mainland. But several newspaper publishers, among them Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, reflected on the possibilities of boosting circulation with a war; and some other important Americans were openly covetous of Spanish-held territory. The cession of land by Spain as a price for ending the war was largely a result of the latter mood, although the United States did pay Spain $20,000,000 for the Philippines. After defeating Spanish arms in those islands, however, the United States found itself fighting island natives to keep the newly won land.
Since the unfortunate ship that blew up in Havana Harbor was so closely linked with a war in which the United States seemed to abandon announced ideals of liberty for all, why, then, remember the Maine now?
Let Captain Charles D. Sigsbee, the commanding officer of the Maine at the time of the explosion, tell you:
"We have heard much of the motto, `Remember the Maine.' If we are satisfied that the Maine was blown up from the outside we have a right to remember her with indignation; but without more conclusive evidence than we now have [1899] we are not right if we charge criminality to persons. Therefore I conceive that the motto, `Remem-
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