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Unveils the mysteries of bird migration. Ornithologist Paul Kerlinger writes in an engaging style for all bird lovers. An excellent, popular, yet authoritative explanation. --Library Journal
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Published by STACKPOLE BOOKS 5067 Ritter Road Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Stackpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055.
Printed in the United States of America
Cover design by Caroline Miller Computer graphics by Sandra M. Blair
First edition
10 9 8 7 6 5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kerlinger, Paul. How birds migrate / Paul Kerlinger ; illustrated by Pat Archer.1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8117-2444-1 1. BirdsMigration. I. Title. QL698.9.K47 1995 598.252'5dc20 95-7238 CIP
Page v
To Jane
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
One The Reason Birds Migrate
1
Two How Scientists Study Migration
17
Three The Basics of Bird Flight
34
Four Up in the Air
53
Five The Travel Seasons
69
Six By Day or by Night?
85
Seven Barriers to Migration
95
Eight Migratory Rest Stops
116
Nine Flight Speed and Distance
131
Ten Finding the Way
144
Eleven How High Birds Fly
160
Twelve Flocking Behavior during Migration
173
Thirteen The Calls of Migrating Birds
192
Fourteen Flight Strategies
196
Fifteen Conservation of Migrating Birds
200
Recommended Resources
217
Index
225
Page ix
Preface
That a Swainson's Hawk, weighing about 2 pounds, migrates from its breeding site on the prairies of Saskatchewan to its wintering grounds in southern Argentina is amazing. That a Semipalmated Sandpiper, weighing only an ounce, migrates from the Canadian tundra to northern South America is even more difficult to comprehend. That a Ruby-throated Hummingbird, weighing only 1/6 ounce, can fly from its nesting area in a New Hampshire forest to its wintering grounds in Costa Rica is almost unbelievable. Yet these birds and thousands of others routinely undertake perilous and difficult journeys. The number of migrants involved cannot even be estimated. It is certainly in the billions!
I am not alone in my amazement. Hundreds of scientists, millions of birdwatchers, and countless other people from around the world want to know more about the epic flights made by birds. Today we are lucky that technology and human interest in migration have provided us with a wealth of information about how and why birds migrate.
This book is for those who are fascinated by the migration of birds. I hope to fill a gap in the literature that exists between technical and popular presentations. Popular accounts of migration often lack substance, which leaves the reader wanting more. At the other extreme, scientific accounts present information that is so detailed or so narrowly focused that the reader loses interest and never fully grasps the topic. Bridging the gap between popular and scientific writing is tricky, but it is the only way to provide enough information for the reader to truly appreciate and understand migration.
To help people better understand how and why birds migrate, each chapter addresses a single aspect or componentthe altitude of
Page x
migration, flocking behavior, flight speed, orientationisolated from other aspects of migration. Those readers who are familiar with my earlier volume, Flight Strategies of Migrating Hawks, will recognize parallels between that volume and this book. There are also some similarities between this work and Tom Alerstam's book, Bird Migration; the major differences are that this book is nontechnical and does not focus on one taxonomic group of birds.
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