Ted Morgan - reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America
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PRAISE FOR REDS
An important and well-reasoned bookMorgan gets things right. In his nuanced and thorough overview of our nations confrontation with communism at home and abroad, he reaches conclusions that will challenge and even offend partisans but that bear the mark of solid history.
The Washington Post Book World
A sweeping, well-told storyMorgan is a fair-minded chronicler, avoiding the partisan excesses that deform so many accounts of the subject. He does a fine job of explaining a huge subject that has often defied lucid treatment, to say nothing of moral honesty.
The Wall Street Journal
EnlighteningThe prime virtue of Redsis [Morgans] understanding that in all too many cases, Communists and their adversaries inhabited the same hothouse of ideological obsession.
Los Angeles Times Book Review
As balanced as it is readableAnyone who wants to understand why Joe McCarthy continues to exercise such a grip on the American imagination could do no better than to read this book.
The Economist
Morgans account of the years we remember by McCarthys name is rich and fast-paced, bringing life to a succession of all-but-forgotten persons and episodes, and culminating in many stirring pages retelling McCarthys awful progress to destruction before the accumulated wrath of those he had injured and outraged.
The New York Review of Books
Ted Morgan, one of our ablest biographers and a Pulitzer Prizewinning reporterhas done some assiduous digging. A lot of work has gone into this huge book and there is much to be gained in reading it.
The Washington Times
Morgans approach is valuable, establishing the historical context in which fear could so firmly take root. That fear led to abuses of power that, with a few exceptions, were met by political cowardice. It was a desolate time for American democracy, and Reds should be read partly as a warning against yet another incarnation of McCarthyism.
The Dallas Morning News
Morgan has a new lens for viewing McCarthyism. For casual readers who want to enhance their knowledge of recent U.S. historys dark side, Reds ought to satisfy. As always, Morgans prose is a delight to read, and his research is impressive.
The Denver Post
Morgan writes well, and his richly detailed narrative brings a fresh, compelling perspective to a familiar topic. [He] paint[s] a vivid and alarming picture of the spy ring the Soviets ran in America for years.
The New Leader
Morganis a biographer at heart, and here he uses his impressive biographical skills to enhance a fascinating narrative with numerous vignettes about the famous and infamous characters who inhabited the landscape of the decades-long Cold War. Morgans book is a masterly synthesis that pulls together the diverse threads of a complicated story and makes it understandable to novice and expert alike; it is highly recommended.
Library Journal
Copyright 2003 by Ted Morgan
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Random House Trade Paperbacks, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto.
R ANDOM H OUSE T RADE P APERBACKS and colophon are trademarks of Random House, Inc.
This work was originally published in hardcover by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., in 2003.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Morgan, Ted.
Reds : McCarthyism in twentieth-century America / Ted Morgan.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-8129-7302-0
1. Anti-communist movementsUnited StatesHistory20th century. 2. Internal securityUnited StatesHistory20th century. 3. McCarthy, Joseph, 19081957Influence. 4. United StatesPolitics and government20th century. 5. United StatesForeign relations20th century. 6. United StatesForeign relationsSoviet Union. 7. Soviet UnionForeign relationsUnited States. 8. CommunismUnited StatesHistory20th century. I. Title.
E743.5.M578 2003 320.97309045dc21 2003046509
Ebook ISBN9780307766014
Random House website address: www.randomhousebooks.com
Book design by J. K. Lambert
a_prh_5.4_c0_r1
The premise of this book is that the Cold War began in 1917, with the Bolshevik Revolution. American attempts to subvert the revolution under President Woodrow Wilson followed almost at once, resulting in the landing of U.S. Army troops on Russian soil and pitched battles with Bolshevik soldiers. With the formation of two American Communist parties in 1919, the Soviets obtained a logistical base for their own subversion on American soil. Espionage activities started in 1924 under the cover of the trade association Amtorg and increased with the U.S. recognition of the Soviet Union in 1933. The World War II period, when Russia was our ally, saw the recruitment of government servants who were ideological sympathizers.
In this context, McCarthyism existed long before Senator Joseph McCarthy, in its dictionary definition: 1. The political practice of publicizing accusations of disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence. 2. The use of dubious methods of investigation in order to suppress opposition.
McCarthy did not emerge in a vacuum, but as the most prominent in a long line of men who exploited the Communist issue for political advantage, recklessly smearing their opponents with false accusations. These McCarthyites used forged documents to make their case, or conducted raids of questionable legality to enhance their political reputations, or suborned perjury in the testimony of professional informants, or used the Communist issue to smear the New Deal.
The other side of the equation was that the American Communist Party served as a recruitment pool for Soviet agents. American Communists by the dozens penetrated the government, some at high levels, and stole scientific and political secrets, including information on the atomic bomb. This was confirmed by the release in 1995 of the Venona transcripts, the decoded cable traffic between the Moscow KGB and its American stations. But McCarthy and his predecessors knew nothing of Venona, and flayed about like blindfolded men in a room full of bats. The bats were there, but beyond their reach.
Now that we know the extent of Soviet espionage, it is possible to assess the impact of McCarthyism. The danger was real, but by the time McCarthy came on the scene it was all but spent, and the Communist Party was moribund, so that he was in fact whipping a dead horse. The apoplectic reaction he provoked in the nation was off in its timing. The threat was much reduced by the time he denounced it, but there had been one in the thirties and forties. McCarthy exploited something akin to the Cheshire cats smile, which lingers after the cat is gone. Did he have a cleansing effect, or was he merely a demagogue playing on nativist fears? Was he the leader of what Dean Acheson called the attack of the primitives, a populist revolt against the elite? Did he appeal to status frustration? Was he the champion of the dispossessed, or of Texas oil millionaires whose anti-Communism was a cover for their lobbying efforts against the regulation of wildcatters? Did he appeal to Southern racists who equated Communism with integration, or to Western conservatives who wanted a get tough foreign policy? Was he the stalking-horse for a party kept out of power since 1932? The Republicans got behind him because his success in dramatizing the Communist issue was also a way of discrediting the New Deal and the Truman administration.
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