Jackson - The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion

THE MONGOLS AND THE ISLAMIC WORLD

Copyright 2017 Peter Jackson

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ISBN 978-0-300-12533-7

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Rebecca

CONTENTS

The Islamic World and Inner Asian Peoples down to
the Mongol Invasion

Apportioning and Governing an Empire
(c. 1221c. 1260)

Hlegs Campaigns and Imperial Fragmentation
(125362)

Devastation, Depopulation and Revival in the Age of
Conquest

The Onset of Islamization: (b) Royal Converts and
Muslim Resurgence

PLATES AND MAPS

Plates

Maps

PREFACE

I FIRST CONCEIVED THE PROJECT of writing a book on Muslims under infidel Mongol rule in 2006. Heather McCallum at Yale University Press gave the idea a warm welcome, and I have greatly appreciated her continued enthusiasm and interest, over a considerably longer period than either of us anticipated. I am also grateful to both Heather and her colleagues Rachael Lonsdale, Melissa Bond and Samantha Cross for seeing the book through to publication, and to Richard Mason for being a thorough and efficient copy-editor.

While working on this book, I have incurred many debts. I must mention the unfailing helpfulness, patience and courtesy of staff in the following institutions: Cambridge University Library, the Bodleian Library, the Library of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, the British Library, the Warburg Institute Library, the Wellcome Library, the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Birmingham University Library and the John Rylands University Library in Manchester. From the last three of these institutions I have been able to borrow books under the SCONUL scheme, an invaluable privilege indeed that should not be taken for granted, and it is a pleasure to acknowledge here the assistance of the scheme. I am also grateful for the assistance of staff in the Bibliothque Nationale, Paris, and (some years ago) in the Sleymaniye Ktphanesi and the Topkap Saray Mzesi, Istanbul.

I benefited greatly from the opportunity to try out an early version of part of , by delivering a paper with the less than electrifying title The Conversion of the Chaghadayids in Comparative Perspective at a conference on New Directions in the Study of the Mongol Empire in Jerusalem in JuneJuly 2014, convened by Professors Michal Biran and Hodong Kim. I am especially grateful for the stimulating questions that the audience fired at me on each of these occasions.

Nobody who has worked since the 1970s on the Mongol empire and its successor-states can fail to be aware of the increase in the number of editions or translations of primary sources and, still more obviously, of the extraordinary explosion in scholarship on the subject in both article and book form. Personal contact with various academic colleagues in the field has proved a bigger boon to me, I am sure, than to them. To certain individuals, who provided me with photocopies or digitized copies of material unavailable in any repository within the UK Professor Biran, Professor Anne-Marie Edd, Dr George Lane, Dr Roman Pochekaev and Dr Mikls Srkzy my obligation is considerable. In addition, Professor Peter Golden, Dr Colin Heywood and Professor Nikolai Kradin each kindly presented me with a copy of their collected articles. Several scholars have given me copies or offprints of articles that might otherwise have taken some months to come to my notice, and Professor Hodong Kim has sent me successive issues of the Journal of Central Eurasian Studies , published in Seoul. In many instances, my debt to colleagues is a matter simply of conversations, answers to questions or the sharing of a reference by no means negligible favours. I am also extremely grateful to Professors Biran and Morgan, who read the penultimate draft on behalf of Yale University Press and whose comments and suggestions both refined my ideas and dispelled various errors and misconceptions. It goes without saying, naturally, that none of the help I have received diminishes my responsibility for any failings still to be detected in this book.

My last debt requiring a mention here, though far from the smallest, is the tireless support of my wife Rebecca, who has, on different occasions, read drafts of every chapter, in equal measure offering encouragement and challenging my arguments or my style. I dedicate this book to her, not least because without her I could not have written it.

Peter Jackson

Madeley, Staffordshire

September 2016

ABBREVIATIONS

Primary sources