Groome David - An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology

An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology

An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology offers an accessible review of recent research in the application of cognitive methods, theories, and models. Using real-world scenarios and engaging everyday examples, this book offers clear explanations of how the findings of cognitive psychologists have been put to use. The book explores all of the major areas of cognitive psychology, including attention, perception, memory, thinking and decision making, as well as some of the factors that affect cognitive processes, such as drugs and biological cycles.

Now in full colour, and with a companion website, this edition has been thoroughly updated to include cutting-edge research and theories. There are also new chapters on perceptual errors and accidents, the influence of emotion, and the role of cognitive factors in music and sport.

Written by well-respected experts in the field, this textbook will appeal to all undergraduate students of cognitive psychology, as well as professionals working in the areas covered in the book, such as education, police work, sport, and music.

David Groome was formerly Principal Lecturer and Senior Academic in Psychology at the University of Westminster, where he worked from 1970 to 2011. He retired from teaching in August 2011 but continues to carry out research and write books. His research interests include cognition and memory, and their relationship with clinical disorders. He has published a number of research papers on these topics, and is the co-author of six previous textbooks.

Michael W. Eysenck is Professorial Fellow at Roehampton University and Emeritus Professor and Honorary Fellow at Royal Holloway, University of London. He is especially interested in cognitive psychology and most of his research focuses on the role of cognitive factors in anxiety within normal and clinical populations. He has published nearly 50 books and about 160 book chapters and journal articles.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

Applied Cognitive Psychology

Second Edition

David Groome and Michael W. Eysenck

With Kevin Baker, Ray Bull, Graham Edgar, Helen Edgar, David Heathcote, Richard Kemp, Robin Law, Catherine Loveday, Moira Maguire, Rebecca Milne, Ben R. Newell, David White, Mark R. Wilson, and Jenny Yiend

Second edition published 2016

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2016 David Groome, Michael W. Eysenck, Kevin Baker, Ray Bull, Graham Edgar, Helen Edgar, David Heathcote, Richard Kemp, Robin Law, Catherine Loveday, Moira Maguire, Rebecca Milne, Ben Newell, David White, Mark Wilson and Jenny Yiend

The right of David Groome, Michael W. Eysenck, Kevin Baker, Ray Bull, Graham Edgar, Helen Edgar, David Heathcote, Richard Kemp, Robin Law, Catherine Loveday, Moira Maguire, Rebecca Milne, Ben Newell, David White, Mark Wilson and Jenny Yiend to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

First edition published by Psychology Press 2005

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN: 978-1-138-84012-6 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-138-84013-3 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-73295-4 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon and Vectora

by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon, UK

Visit the companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/groome

Contents

David Groome

Graham Edgar and Helen Edgar

Richard Kemp and David White

Kevin Baker

David Heathcote

David Groome and Robin Law

David Groome

Rebecca Milne and Ray Bull

Ben R. Newell

Moira Maguire

Robin Law and Moira Maguire

Jenny Yiend

Catherine Loveday

Michael W. Eysenck and Mark R. Wilson

David Groome was Senior Academic in Psychology at the University of Westminster. He retired in 2011, but still retains a research connection with the department.

Michael W. Eysenck is Professorial Fellow at Roehampton University and Emeritus Professor and Honorary Fellow at Royal Holloway University of London.

Kevin Baker is a clinical psychologist in the Department of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities at Highbury Hospital in Nottingham.

Ray Bull is Professor of Criminal Investigation (part-time) at the University of Derby.

Graham Edgar is Reader in Psychology at the University of Gloucestershire.

Helen Edgar was Principal Research Scientist at BAE Systems, but now works as a consultant on road traffic collisions.

David Heathcote recently retired after 25 years of teaching cognitive psychology.

Richard Kemp is Associate Professor in the School of Psychology at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Robin Law is in the Department of Psychology at the University of Westminster, London, UK.

Catherine Loveday is Principal Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of Westminster, London, UK.

Moira Maguire is Head of Learning and Teaching at Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland.

Rebecca Milne is Professor of Forensic Psychology at the Institute of Criminal Justice Studies at the University of Portsmouth, UK.

Ben R. Newell is Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

David White is Research Fellow at the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Mark R. Wilson is Associate Professor in the Dept of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Exeter, UK.

Jenny Yiend is Senior Lecturer and Head of Graduate Studies in the Department of Psychosis Studies at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.

The first edition of this book was published in 2005. We decided to write it because we could not find any other books about applied cognitive psychology, and this remains largely the case today. There are plenty of books about cognitive psychology, but few of them deal specifically with the application of cognitive psychology in real-life settings. This seems rather surprising, but it probably reflects the fact that applied cognitive psychology is a relatively new science, which has only become a major research area over the past 20 or 30 years. However, it is now beginning to be accepted that cognitive psychologists really do have something useful to say about cognitive performance in real-life situations.

One consequence of the lack of applied cognitive psychology books is that there is no clear agreement about which topics should be included in such a text, so we had to work it out for ourselves. In the first edition we tried to collect together the most important examples of the application of applied cognitive research that we could think of. There were chapters about improving the effectiveness of learning and exam revision, improving the accuracy of eyewitnesses, face identification and police lineups, and optimising the performance of individuals working under stress and multiple inputs, such as air traffic controllers. There were also chapters about the effects of drugs and circadian rhythms on cognitive performance, and on the factors that cause errors in our decision making. These are all areas in which the findings of cognitive psychologists have actually been put to use in the real world, and you will find that we have retained all of these topics in this new edition.