UNDERGROUND U.S.A.
AlterImage
a new list of publications
exploring global cult and popular cinema
UNDERGROUND U.S.A.
FILMMAKING BEYOND THE HOLLYWOOD CANON
EDITED BY XAVIER MENDIK & STEVEN JAY SCHNEIDER
Wallflower Book
Published by
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright Xavier Mendik & Steven Jay Schneider 2002
All rights reserved.
E-ISBN 978-0-231-85002-5
A complete CIP record is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-231-16279-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-231-85002-5 (e-book)
A Columbia University Press E-book.
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CONTENTS
The Editors would like to thank all of the writers who contributed so much hard work to this volume. We would also like to offer our sincere thanks Lloyd Kaufman for contributing not only the foreword but also for the endless support and enthusiasm he offered this project. Thanks also to Larry Cohen, Herschell Gordon Lewis, and David F. Friedman for their time and assistance with tracking down illustrative material.
We would also like to thank Melissa Scheld, Stephen Abbott, and Matthew Bucher at Columbia University Press, Christopher Golden, Adrien Glover, The American Museum of the Moving Image (for kind help with stills), Elyse Pellman and Katheryn Winnick, as well as Howard Martin, Kate Cochrane and the staff at OPI Media.
We would also like to express our gratitude to colleagues and friends in the School of Cultural Studies at University College Northampton. In particular, we offer sincere thanks to George Savona, Peter Brooker, and the course team of the Media and Popular Culture degree for their support in establishing the Cult Film Archive and the writing projects which have emerged from this resource.
Finally, we offer our thanks to Yoram Allon, John Atkinson, Hannah Patterson and Howard Seal at Wallflower Press whose assistance and advice with this volume, and the AlterImage book series as a whole, remains invaluable.
The images used to illustrate the chapters Doris Wishman Meets the Avant-Garde (with the exception of one image from the personal collection of Michael J. Bowen) and Gouts of Blood: The Colourful Underground Universe of Herschell Gordon Lewis are courtesy of Something Weird Video, Inc and we would like to offer our sincere thanks to Lisa Petrucci who did so much to assist us with finding illustrative material. Readers wishing to access information on the companys extensive catalogue of underground films should contact: Something Weird Video, P.O. Box 33664, Seattle, WA 98133, www.somethingweird.com.
The stills used to illustrate the foreword and the chapter A Tasteless Art: Waters, Kaufman and the Pursuit of Pure Gross-Out (Troma images only) are courtesy of Troma Entertainment, for which we thank Doug Sakmann.
The rest of the images contained in the book are the property of the production or distribution companies concerned. They are reproduced here in the spirit of publicity and the promotion of the films in question.
This book is dedicated with love to Nicola.
STEPHEN R. BISSETTE was a professional artist, author, editor and publisher in the comic book industry for 23 years. His original novella Aliens: Tribes won the Bram Stoker Award in 1993. His film criticism and scholarly articles have appeared in numerous periodicals, newspapers and books, and he is a regular contributor to Video Watchdog. Steven is currently working on a history of Vermont films and filmmakers to be published by University Press of New England.
JOEL BLACK teaches comparative literature and film at the University of Georgia. He is the author of The Aesthetics of Murder: A Study in Romantic Literature and Contemporary Culture (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), The Reality Effect: Film Culture and the Graphic Imperative (Routledge, 2001), as well as numerous essays on literature, critical theory and cultural history.
MICHAEL J. BOWEN is a PhD candidate in the Department of Cinema Studies at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts. He has written on exploitation filmmaker Doris Wishman for numerous publications and is currently completing a book about her life.
GARRETT CHAFFIN-QUIRAY received his BA and MA from the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television. He has sponsored a film festival, taught courses on TV and cinema history and published movie and video reviews. His research interests include pornography and violence, post-War American cinema, representations of Vietnam and the 1970s. He has also managed information technology for an investment bank, had a dot-com adventure and now lives in New York City writing criticism, short-length fiction and his fourth novel.
JONATHAN L. CRANE is Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has published widely on such topics as Top 40 radio, horror film specatorship and music censorship. His book, Terror and Everyday Life: Singular Moments in the History of the Horror Film, was published by Sage in 1992.
ELENA GORFINKEL is a PhD candidate in the Department of Cinema Studies at New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts. Her dissertation focuses on American sexploitation films of the 1960s.
SARA GWENLLIAN JONES lectures in Television and Digital Media at Cardiff University, Wales. She is currently writing a book titled Fantastic Cult Television (Edward Arnold, 2002) and is co-editor of Intensities: The Journal of Cult Media (www.cult-media.com).
BENJAMIN HALLIGAN lectures in film at York St John College. He is currently preparing a critical biography of Michael Reeves for Manchester University Press.
JOAN HAWKINS is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication and Culture at Indiana University, Bloomington. She is the author of Cutting Edge: Art Horror and the Horrific Avant-Garde (University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
XAVIER MENDIK is Director of the Cult Film Archive at University College Northampton and the General Editor of the AlterImage series. He has published, broadcast and toured cinema events around the themes of psychoanalysis and its application to cult and horror cinema. His publications in this area include (as co-editor) Unruly Pleasures: The Cult Film and its Critics (Fab Press, 2000), Dario Argentos Tenebrae (Flicks Books, 2000) and (as editor) Shocking Cinema of the Seventies (Noir Publishing, 2001). He is currently researching his next book, entitled Fear at Four Hundred Degrees: Structure and Sexuality in the Films of Dario Argento. Beyond his academic research in this area, he has also conducted interviews with many of the leading figures of cult cinema as well as sitting as a jury member on several leading European film festivals. Details of his interviews and jury accounts can be found on www.kamera.co.uk where he runs the film column Scream Theory.
ANNALEE NEWITZ is founder of the webzine Bad Subjects (www.eserver.org/bs) which is still going strong; and has published two books, White Trash: Race and Class in America (Routledge, 1997) and The Bad Subjects Anthology (New York University Press, 1998). In 1998, she graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a PhD in English and American Studies. Currently, she is at work on two books one about sex and technology, the other about capitalism and monster movies. Her work has appeared in magazines and papers such as Salon.com,