THE KINGDOM OF
ARMENIA
CAUCASUS WORLD
SERIES EDITOR NICHOLAS AWDE
Other books in the series include:
The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus J. F. Baddeley, with a new Preface by Moshe Gammer
Small Nations & Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus Svante E. Cornell
Storm Over the Caucasus: In the Wake of Independence Charles van der Leeuw
Oil & Gas in the Caucasus & Caspian: A History Charles van der Leeuw
After Atheism: Religion & Ethnicity in Russia & Central Asia David C. Lewis
Daghestan: Tradition & Survival Robert Chenciner
Madder Red: A History of Luxury & Trade Robert Chenciner
Azerbaijan: Quest for Identity A Short History Charles van der Leeuw
A Modern History of Georgia David M. Lang
The Georgian-Abkhaz War Viacheslav A. Chirikba
Georgia: In the Mountains of Poetry (also available in paperback) Peter Nasmyth
The Literature of Georgia: A History (2nd, revised edition) Donald Rayfield
The Russo-Caucasian Origins of the Iranian Left: Social Democracy in Modern Iran Cosroe Chaqueri
The Armenian Legacy in Early Celtic Christianity Jacob G. Ghazarian
The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins, 10801393 Jacob G. Ghazarian
A Bibliography of Articles on Armenian Studies in Western Journals, 18691995 V. N. Nersessian
Armenian Perspectives edited by Nicholas Awde
Armenian Sacred & Folk Music Komitas (Soghomon Soghomonian), translated by Edward Gulbekian
The Armenian Neume System of Notation R. A. Atayan, translated by V. N. Nersessian
Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus (Iberica Caucasica vol. 1) edited by Tamila Mgaloblishvili
The Cross & the Crescent: Early Christianity and Islam in the Caucasus (Iberica Caucasica vol. 2) edited by Tamila Mgaloblishvili
Pilgrimage: Timothy Gabashvilis Travels to Mount Athos, Constantinople & Jerusalem, 17551759 edited by Mzia Ebanoidze & John Wilkinson
Also available for first time in paperback: The Man in the Panthers Skin Shota Rustaveli, translated by Marjory Scott Wardrop (Royal Asiatic Society)
PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS & THE BLACK SEA
1. The Armenians
2. The Georgians
3. The Azerbaijanis
4. The Chechens
5. The Abkhazians
6. The Circassians
7. The Peoples of Daghestan
8. The Ossetes
9. The Ingush
10. The Turkic Peoples of the Caucasus
11. The Iranian Peoples of the Caucasus
12. The Mountain Jews
13. The Georgian Jews
14. The Laz
15. The Mingrelians, Svans and Ajarians
16. The Ubykh
17. The Displaced Peoples of the Caucasus Soviet Times
18. The Caucasus in Diaspora
19. The Hemshin
20. The Kalmyks
21. The Cossacks
22. The Ancient Peoples of the Caucasus
23. The Crimean Tatars
24. The Gagauz
25. The Karaim
26. The Pontic Greeks
CAUCASUS LANGUAGES
Chechen Dictionary & Phrasebook Nicholas Awde & Muhammad Galaev
Georgian Dictionary & Phrasebook Nicholas Awde & Thea Khitarishvili
Armenian Dictionary & Phrasebook Nicholas Awde
Azerbaijani Dictionary & Phrasebook Nicholas Awde & Famil Ismailov
The Languages of the Caucasus (forthcoming)
CAUCASUS WORLD
First published in 1987
Second, revised edition published in 2001
by ROUTLEDGECURZON PRESS
2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
WWW.ROUTLEDGECURZONPRESS.CO.uk
M. Chahin 2001
Typeset and designed by Fred J. Hill/Desert
Hearts
Covers and additional artwork by Fred J. Hill
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 7007 1452 9
ISBN 978-1-136-85250-3 (epub)
Printed and bound by CPI Antony Rowe, Eastbourne
I n the following pages I have given my reasons for attempting to write this history of Armenia. The few lines here were written after completion of the whole work. They are specifically intended to point out that in the Armenian as distinct from the Urartian section I have endeavoured to break away from the traditional view of Armenian subservience to its powerful neighbours for most of its long history. I hope I have shown that, contrary to such a negative view of its national history, Armenia enjoyed many centuries of independence and power. Lost or non-existent records chronicling the Armenian point of view mean that the period has been recounted and documented by its enemies. Those biased records have been passed down and accepted by most European and even by Armenian writers. Some research and the will to organise the facts out of intricate evidence, has I hope proved A.J.P. Taylors comment, that history is not a catalogue but a version of events.