sir charles lyell - A Second Visit To The United States Of North America

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CONTENTS

OF

THE FIRST VOLUME.

CHAPTER I.

Page Voyage from Liverpool to Halifax. Gale. Iceberg. Drift Ice and Gulf Stream. Coast of l^ewfoundland. Engine-room of Steamer. Conversations on Coolies in the West Indies. Halifax. News of Judge Story's Death. Boston. Success of the Mail Steam Packets. Custom House Officers - 1

CHAP. n.

Boston. Horticultural Show in Faneuil Hall. Review of Militia. Peace Association. Excursion to the White Mountains. Railway Travelling. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Geology, Fossils in Drift. Submarine Forest. Wild Plants: Asters, Solidagos, Poison Ivy. Swallows. Glacial Grooves. Rocks transported by Antarctic Ice. Body of a Whale discovered by an , American Trader in an Iceberg - 21

A 3

CHAP. lU.

Portland in Maine. Kennebec River. Timber Trade. Fossil Shells at Grardiner. Augusta the Capital of Maine. Legal Profession: Advocates and Attorneys. Equality of Sects. Religious Toleration. CalvinisUc Theology. Day of Doom - 4i

CHAP. IV.

Journey from Portland to the White Mountains. Plants. Churches, School-houses. Temperance Hotel. Intelligence of New England. Climate, Consumption. Conway. Division of Property. Every Man his own Tenant. Autumnal Tints. Bears hybernating. Willey Slide. Theory of Scratches and Grooves on Rocks. Scenery. Waterfalls and Ravines. The Notch. Forest Trees and Mountain Plants. Fabyan*s Hotel. Echo - a<

CHAP. V.

Ascent of Mount Washington. Mr. Oakes. Zones of Distinct Vegetation. Belt of Dwarf Firs. Bald Region and Arctic Flora on Summit. View from Summit. Migration of Plants from Arctic Regions. Change of Climate since Glacial Period. Granitic Rocks of White Mountains. Franconia Notch. Revival at Bethlehem. Millerite Movement. The Tabernacle at Boston. ^lor-mons. Remarks on New England Fanaticism

CONTENTS. Vir

CHAP. VI.

Page Social Equality. Position of Servants. War with England. Coalition of Northern Democrats, and Southern Slave-owners. Ostracism of Wealth. Legislators paid. Envy in a Democracy. Politics of the Country and the City. Pledges at Elections. Universal Sufirage. Adventure in a Stage Coach. Return from the White Mountains. Plymouth in New Hampshire. Congregational and Methodist Churches. Theological Discussions of Fellow Travellers. Temperance Movement. Post-Office Abuses. Lowell Factories - 93

CHAP. vn.

Plymouth, Massachusetts. Plymouth Beach. Marine Shells. Quicksand. Names of Pilgrim Fathers. Forefathers' Day. Pilgrim Relics. Their Authenticity considered. Decoy Pond. A Bam Travelling. Excursion to Salem. Museum. Warrants for Execution of Witches. Causes of the Persecution. Conversation with Coloured Abolitionists. Comparative Capacity of White and Negro Races. Half Breeds and Hybrid Litellects - 111

CHAP. vin.

Pretended Fossil Sea Serpent, or Zeuglodon, from Alabama. Recent Appearance of a Sea Serpent in Gulf of St. Lawrence. In Norway in 1845. Near Cape Ann, Massachusetts, 1817. American Descriptions. Conjectures as to Nature of the Animal. Sea Snake stranded in the Orkneys proved to be a Shark. Dr. Barclay's Memoir. Sir Everard Home's Opinion. Sea Serpent of Hebrides, 1808. Reasons for concluding that Pon-toppidan's Sea Snake was a Basking Shark. Captain M'Quhae's Sea Serpent - 131

VIU CONTENTS.

CHAP. IX.

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Boston. No Private Lodgings. Boarding-houses. Hotels. Effects of the Climate on Health. Large Fortunes. Style of Living. Servants. Carriages. Education of Ladies. Marriages. Professional Licomes. Protectionist Doctrines. Peculiarities of Language. Literary Tastes. Cost of Living. Alarms of Fire - 152

CHAP. X.

Boston. Blind Asylum and Laura Bridgeman. Respect for Freedom of Conscience. Cemetery of Mount Auburn. Channing*s Cenotaph. Episcopal Churches. Unitarian Congregations. Eminent Preachers. Progress of Unitarians why slow. Their Works reprinted in England, l^othingarians. Episcopalian Asceticism. Separation of Religion and Politics - 168

CHAP. XL

Boston. Whig Caucus. Speech of Mr. Webster. Politics in Massachusetts. Election of Governor and Representatives. Thanksgiving Day and Governor's Proclamation. Absence of Pauperism. Irish Repeal Meeting. New England Sympathiser. Visit to a Free School. State Education. Pay and Social Rank of Teachers. Lnportance of the Profession. Rapid Progress and Effects of Educational Movement. Popular Lectures. Lending Libraries - 180

CHAP. xn.

Page Boston, Popular Education, continued. Patronage of Universities and Science. Channing on Milton. Milton*s Scheme of teaching the Natural Sciences. New England Free Schools, Their Origin. First Puritan Settlers not illiterate. Sincerity oftheir Religious Faith. Schools founded in Seventeenth Century in Massachusetts. Discouraged in Virginia. Sir W. Berkeley's Letter. Pastor Bobinson's Views of Progress in Keligion. Organization of Congregational Churches. No Penalties for Dissent. Provision made for future Variations in Creeds. Mode of working exemplified. Impossibility of concealing Truths relating to Religion from an educated Population. Gain to the Higher Classes, especially the Clergy. New Theological College. The Lower Orders not rendered indolent, discontented, or irreligious by Education. Peculiar Stimulus to Popular Instruction in the United States - 200

CHAP. xm.

Leaving Boston for the South. Railway Stove. Fall of Snow. Newhaven, and.Visit to Professor Silliman, New York. Improvements in the City. Croton Waterworks. Fountains. Recent Conflagration. New Churches. Trinity Church. News from Europe of Converts to Rome. Reaction against Tractarians. Electric Telegraph, its Progress in America. Morse and Wheatstone. 11,000 Schools in New York for Secular Instruction. Absence of Smoke. Irish Voters. Nativism - 233

CONTENTS,

CHAP. XIV.

New York to Philadelphia. Scenery in New Jersey. War about Or^on. Protectionist Theories. Income Tax and Repudiation. Recriminations against British Aggrandisement. Irish Quarter and fraudulent Votes. Washington. Congress and Annexation of Texas. General Cass for War. Winthrop for Arbitration. Inflated Eloquence. Supreme Court. Slavery in District of C

CHAP. XV.^

Washington to Richmond. Legislature of Virginia in Session. Substitution of White for Slave Labour. Progress of Negro Instruction. Slave-dealers. Kindness to Negroes. Coal of Oolitic Period near Richmond. Visit to the Mines. Upright Fossil Trees. Deep Shafts, and Thickness of Coal Seams. Explosion of Gas. Natural Coke. Resemblance of the more modem Coal-measures to old Carboniferous Rocks. Whites working with free Negroes in the Mines - 2'

CHAP. XVL

Journey through North Carolina. Wilmington. Recent Fire and Passports for Slaves. Cape Fear River and Smithfield. Spanish Moss, and Uses of. Charleston. Anti-Negro Feeling. Passage from Mulattos to Whites. Law against importing free Blacks. Dispute with Mas

Page sachusetts. Society in Charleston. Governesses. War-Panic. Anti-English Feeling caused by Newspaper Press. National Arbitration of the Americans. Dr. Baclmian*s Zoology. Geographical Representations of Species. Battle-Snakes. Turkey Buzzards - 289