Jonathan J. Bean - Beyond the Broker State: Federal Policies Toward Small Business, 1936-1961 (Business, Society, and the State)
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Beyond the Broker State: Federal Policies Toward Small Business, 1936-1961 (Business, Society, and the State)
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Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln both considered small business the backbone of American democracy and free enterprise. In Beyond the Broker State, Jonathan Bean considers the impact of this ideology on American politics from the Great Depression to the creation of the Small Business Administration during the Eisenhower administration. Beans analysis of public policy toward small business during this period challenges the long-accepted definition of politics as the interplay of organized interest groups, mediated by a broker-state government. Specifically, he highlights the unorganized nature of the small business community and the ideological appeal that small business held for key members of Congress. Bean focuses on anti-chain-store legislation beginning in the 1930s and on the establishment of federal small business agencies in the 1940s and 1950s. According to Bean, Congress, inspired by the rhetoric of crisis, often misinterpreted or misrepresented the threat posed to small business from large corporations, and as a result, protective legislation sometimes worked against the interests it was meant to serve. Despite this misguided aid, argues Bean, small business has proved to be a remarkably resilient, if still unorganized, force.
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Beyond the Broker State : Federal Policies Toward Small Business, 1936-1961 Business, Society, & the State
author
:
Bean, Jonathan J.
publisher
:
University of North Carolina Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0807822965
print isbn13
:
9780807822968
ebook isbn13
:
9780807860304
language
:
English
subject
Small business--Government policy--United States--History--20th century, Small business--Law and legislation--United States.
publication date
:
1996
lcc
:
HD2346.U5B343 1996eb
ddc
:
338.6/42/0973
subject
:
Small business--Government policy--United States--History--20th century, Small business--Law and legislation--United States.
Page i
Beyond The Broker State
Page ii
Business, Society, and the State
Page iii
Beyond the Broker State
Federal Policies toward Small Business, 1936-1961
Jonathan J. Bean
The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill and London
Page iv
1996 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bean, Jonathan J.
Beyond the broker state: federal policies toward small business, 1936-1961 / by Jonathan J. Bean. p. cm.(Business, society, and the state) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8078-2296-5 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Small businessGovernment policyUnited StatesHistory 20th century. 2. Small businessLaw and legislationUnited States. I. Title. II. Series. HD2346.U5B343 1996 96-10868 3386'42' 0973dc20 CIP
00 99 98 97 96 5 4 3 2 1
Page v
TO MY LOVING WIFE, ALICE She kept my eyes on the prize, my nose to the grindstone, and my feet on the ground.
Page vii
Contents
Acknowledgments
xi
Abbreviations
xiii
Introduction Small Business as the Backbone of Democracy
1
Chapter One The Robinson-Patman Act: The Magna Charta of Small Business
17
Chapter Two Minnows Cannot Compete with Whales: The Politics of Small Business in the Tire Industry, 1936-1961
37
Chapter Three Fair Trade: The Politics of Price Maintenance, 1937-1975
67
Chapter Four Congressional Small Business Advocates: The People behind the Politics
89
Chapter Five War and Peace: The Politics of Small Business in the 1940S
99
Page viii
Chapter Six The Small Defense Plants Administration and the Creation of the Small Business Administration, 1951-1953
127
Chapter Seven The Small Business Administration Push-and-Pull Politics, 1953-1961
143
Conclusion Federal Government Policy and Small Business
165
Notes
179
Bibliography
247
Index
273
Page ix
Illustrations
"Buster Brown" takes on the mail-order business
25
Small businessmen and A&P
26
Anti-chain-store cartoon
29
Representative Wright Patman
93
Senators Robert A. Taft and James A. Murray
94
Representative Emanuel Celler
97
Signing of bill creating the Smaller War Plants Corporation
107
SBA administrator Wendell Barnes
149
Wright Patman and officials of the National Small Business Men's Association
155
Page xi
Acknowledgments
My dissertation adviser at Ohio State University, Professor Mansel G. Blackford, provided me with invaluable guidance and encouragement; I could not ask for a better mentor. Professor K. Austin Kerr first suggested the need for this study, and in part, it springs from an essay he wrote on the history of small business in America. Thanks go to Professor William Childs, as well, for his comments and suggestions. I would also like to express my gratitude to my parents for encouraging me in my intellectual endeavors.
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