Bob Gough - The Smart Gardeners Guide to Growing Fruits

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Page i The Smart Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits Dr. Bob Gough

Page ii Copyright 1997 by Stackpole Books Published by STACKPOLE BOOKS 5067 Ritter Road Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Stackpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055. Printed in the United States of America FIRST EDITION 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cover and interior illustrations by Mary Anne Lard Cover design by Caroline Miller Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gough, Bob. Smart gardener's guide to growing fruits / Bob Gough.1st ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8117-2925-7 1. Fruit-culture. 2. Fruit. I. Title. SB355.G635 1997 634dc20 96-33618 CIP

Page iii Contents 1 Speaking of Fruit 1 2 Cultural Requirements 7 3 Growth and Development 12 4 Flowers to Fruit 15 5 Plant Propagation 28 6 Choosing the Best Site 46 7 Building Your Soil 60 8 Feeding Plants 72 9 Whipping the Weeds 84 10 Watering 89 11 Planting the Plants 92 12 Winter Protection 100 13 Pruning and Training 106 14 Pest Control 116 15 Harvest 133 16 Tree Fruits and Nuts 139 17 Small Fruits and Grapes 194 Index 250

Page 1 1 Speaking of Fruit Just what is a fruit? Botanically, a fruit is a ripened, seed-bearing ovary and its accessory parts. Apples, peaches, and gooseberries fit nicely into this definition. Bananas and seedless grapes don't, because they lack fully formed seeds, but botanically they're still fruits. So are tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers, although gardeners classify them as vegetables. The popular definition of a fruitas opposed to the botanical definitionis a perennial or biennial plant with an edible part, which is usually eaten raw as a snack or dessert, rather than as a main-course food. The SMART Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits deals only with those plants that are commonly considered fruits by the popular definition, rather than the botanical. Classification of Fruits All fruits are given botanical names according to a worldwide taxonomic system. This system of botanical classification, developed in the eighteenth century by Carolus Linnaeus, groups plants into ever more specific categories based upon their common characteristics. All fruit-bearing plants belong to the plant division Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants. They also belong to the plant class Angiospermae, or plants that bear their seeds in an ovary, or fruit. Fruit-bearing palms belong to the subclass Monocotyledoneae, plants that have one seed leaf (monocots). All other fruits belong to the subclass Dicotyledoneae, or plants that have two seed leaves (dicots).

Page 2 The botanical classification of fruits shows their scientific relationships. All temperate-zone fruits belong to several families of the class Dicotyledoneae (dicots). Some common names refer to more than one botanical name. Actinidiaceae (Kiwifruit family) Actinidia arguta Siberian gooseberry Actinidia chinensis Kiwifruit Actinidia deliciosa Kiwifruit Betulaceae (Birch family)

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