DiGiacomo - Everything Your GRAMMAR BOOK Didnt Teach You

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Thanks for purchasing this book.

Lets get the ball rolling!

PLEASE DO NOT MAKE ILLEGAL COPIES OF THIS BOOK COPYRIGHT 2019 HAPPY ENGLISH LLC MICHAEL DIGIACOMO

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited. You may not, except with my express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or store it on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system.

Contents

Should and Ought To

Section 1 Introduction

Gratitude

Im forever thankful for and indebted to my students. Without them, this book would have never been written. Since 1994, Ive worked with English learners from all over the world and thanks to them Ive learned a lot about the struggles of learning another language. My students are a continuous source of joy, happiness, and laughter.

Im also thankful to my family who supported my crazy idea to quit a good job in a language school company to open Happy English, my own English tutoring school. It wasnt easy taking such a risk, but it was the best decision Ive ever made.

And thank you, the reader, for purchasing this book.

About this book

Who is this book for and why did I write it?

This book was written for non-native speakers of English and those learning English as a second or foreign language. Quite often people learn another language through translation, but translating can get you into trouble. Thats because how you say something in one language is different from how you say something in another language. Word-for-word or literal translations often result in confusion for the learner and create the potential for miscommunication. I wrote this book to help you end your confusion and improve your confidence to communicate in English.

What is the level of this book?

This book is designed for anyone who has at least a basic level of English. If you have some experience studying English and can have a basic English conversation with someone, this book is for you.

If you have a lot of experience learning English, this book may clear up some doubts or confusion that you have about some grammatical points, like prepositions.

What kind of English does this book look at?

I was born in New York and I teach American English. There are some differences between American and British English, like vocabulary for example. We say elevator and in British English, they say lift. There are also some grammatical differences. For example, Americans tend to use already with the simple past, whereas British English prefers to use the present perfect tense:

American English:

• Im not hungry because I already ate.

British English:

• Im not hungry because Ive already eaten.

Im only going to look at American English in this book, basically because thats what I know and use.

What this book is and is not.

This book is different from standard grammar books because it looks at grammar points that are easily and often confused either because of translation issues or simple misunderstandings. The points Ive included here come from many years of experience helping people learn English and analyzing the most common errors that are made.

This book is not a complete guide to all aspects of grammar. There are lots of grammar books that cover everything.

Section 2 Important Grammar Terms

Verb, Noun, Adjective, Adverb, etc.

Here are the basic grammar terms and phrases that I use in this book. These are good to know when you need to explain something, but you don't know a particular word.

Verb

A verb is a word that indicates an action or a state.

• Some examples of verbs that indicate actions are go, eat, take, and do.
  • Lets go to the beach.
  • I eat toast every morning.
  • Take a pen and some paper.
• Some examples of verbs that indicate states are be, see, feel, and recognize.
  • I am happy to see you.
  • I feel tired. I think Ill take a nap.
  • I didnt recognize you with your new hair style.

Noun

A noun is a word that indicates a person, place, or thing.

• Countable nouns are words that represent things that you can count using numbers.
  • Countable nouns can be singular, which means the word represents one single thing, like pen, desk, car, and dog.
    • I have a pen .
    • His car is blue.
    • What kind of dog is this?
  • Countable nouns can be plural, which means the word represents more than one thing, like pens, desks, cars, and dogs.
    • I buy pens online.
    • How many desks do we need?
    • Dogs are so cute!
• Uncountable nouns are words that represent abstract ideas and things you cant count using numbers, like love, information, water, and air.
  • Love is a wonderful thing in life.
  • Can you give me some information ?
  • I drink a lot of water every day.

Adjective

An adjective is a word that describes a noun and indicates the characteristics of that noun.

• Adjectives include objective words like colors, sizes, and shapes. Some examples of these adjectives are blue , big , and round .
  • Its a blue sofa.
  • I have a big coffee mug.
  • The round table is best for the meeting.
• Adjectives also include subjunctive words like appearance, thought, or feeling. Some examples of these adjectives are beautiful , kind , and exciting .
  • Shes a beautiful woman.
  • A kind man helped me cross the road.
  • That was a very exciting concert last night.

Adverb

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, and another adverb. Many adverbs are formed from adjectives and their spelling ends in LY.

• Adverbs that modify verbs indicate how the action happens.
  • Jack walks slowly , but he talks quickly .
  • I will seriously consider your request.
  • She spoke kindly to the children.

• Adverbs that modify adjectives indicate the degree of that adjective.
  • Its very cold.
  • She is amazingly nice.
  • It was a blazingly hot summer day.
• Adverbs that modify other adverbs indicate the degree of that adverb.
  • I ran this race more quickly than I did the last race.
  • She held the pencil quite delicately when she drew the picture.
  • I very quietly told her that I had to leave.

Preposition

A preposition is a word that comes before a noun and indicates direction, location, time, etc.

• Lets go to the park tomorrow.
• The pen is on the table.
• I woke up at 5am this morning.

Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase contains a preposition followed by a determiner and a noun.

• Please put the paper in this box .
• Joe lives down the street from the bookshop .
• If we stand under that tree , we can escape from the rain .

Gerund

A gerund is an ing verb that is used as or functions as a noun. A gerund can be the subject or the object of a verb.

• Listening to jazz helps me relax.
• I really like cooking .
• Do you prefer skiing or snowboarding ?

Infinitive

An infinitive is to plus a verb . Like a gerund , an infinitive can be the subject or the object of a verb.

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