Arduino Without
Prior Knowledge
Create your own first project
within 7 days
Benjamin Spahic
Content
Introduction
In 1941, the world was in ruins, but two German engineers presented an invention that has influenced our lives more than any other discovery at the time. We are talking about the "Zuse Z3", the world's first digital computer.
Of course, the Zuse Z3 does not compare to today's computers, neither in its construction nor in its technical functionality or its spatial dimensions.
The Zuse Z3 weighs several tons and fills up almost an entire room. At the same time, its computing power is much lower than that of a contemporary pocket calculator. Nevertheless, it is considered a milestone in computer research.
Figure 1 Replica of the Zuse Z3 in the German Museum Munich
The Zuse Z3 was destroyed during the Second World War. When its inventor Konrad Zuse was drafted for the war, he left it behind with the words:
"Others leave their family behind, I leave Z3."
-Konrad Zuse
Massive changes have been going on since Zuse Z3, one revolution chased the next. In 1946, the US military introduced ENIAC, the first fully electronic computer. At the same time, the Zuse Z4, the successor to the Z3, is put into operation.
Over time, the computing power has multiplied. While the Zuse Z3 had only 600 computing units (relays), a modern processor has several billion computing units (transistors) within an area of 200 mm. At the same time, the power consumption (power consumption) has decreased considerably.
This technical progress enables us to live life as we do. We work with screens, scroll through social media apps on our smartphones and watch TV series or movies in the evening.
Digitization was, and still is, the greatest revolution in modern history. We have infinite possibilities, but there is a serious lack of enthusiasm in our society. Everybody uses technology and benefits from its progress, but few have the will to understand electrical engineering and programming and to become a part of the invention.
But since you bought this book, you seem to be interested in exactly this topic. This leads us to the core of this book the Arduino. The Arduino platform is perfect for implementing your own projects, getting to know microcontrollers as well as programming and awakening the spirit of discovery.
Maybe you are a student and strive to program your own robot, maybe you are a skilled programmer who wants to learn more about the hardware, or a young-at-heart pensioner interested in microcontrollers and their programming in general.
In any case, you will not regret learning about the matter.
Certainly, there are many websites and books out there that introduce you to the Arduino theme. However, some of these books are more than 500 pages long and completely unsuitable for newcomers.
If you are already familiar with the subject matter and need clues for a specific project, these books can be helpful, but for the majority of interested parties they are neither necessary nor effective.
This particular problem is the reason why this book came into being.
It is a beginners' guide for those who are curious and want to understand the basic principles of the Arduino platform quickly and without substantial prior knowledge. It is intended for everyone who wants to start their first project as soon as possible.
What is a microcontroller anyway? How do I correctly connect sensors and other components to the microcontroller? How do I program quickly and efficiently? All this is worked out step by step and complemented with a real example project.
Prerequisites and level of knowledge:
This book is suitable for anyone with a basic enthusiasm for technology and programming. Basic knowledge of physics, for example calculating with SI units, is important and will therefore be summarized.
Furthermore, knowing the basics of electrical engineering will help you understand more complex circuit diagrams and current flows.
Since some readers might not have any experience with the programming language "C/C#" or with electronic circuits and components, the first chapter deals with the basics of C programming and electrical engineering. However, this book only covers the necessary basics. If you want to gain more in-depth knowledge, for example in programming, it is recommended that you consult further literature about this topic.
Thus, this book is intended for readers with technical basics but without a deeper knowledge of Arduino.
If you feel competent in these areas, you can start with the third chapter, which deals specifically with the Arduino platform and different versions of microcontrollers. However, it is recommended to at least review the basics.
The following icons will lead you through the book:
Calculation symbols: This is where we discuss more complex aspects in excursuses or derivations. The derivation of a topic might broaden your understanding, but is not essential and rather intended for reference.
Light Bulb: Here, the main points of a chapter are summarized. These statements are well suited for reference or when you skim over a specific topic again.
Attention: Frequent errors are mentioned here. This area shows where and why obstacles or false assumptions might occur.
Calculator: Sample calculations or questions for comprehension and internalization.
Now I wish you a lot of fun reading about and immersing yourself in the Arduino ecosystem.
Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering
The Arduino platform combines hardware and software. To use the Arduino ecosystem in a meaningful way, you must understand circuits and peripherals in the form of components. Therefore, we will first look at the physical quantities current, voltage, power, and energy. These are known to everyone, but are often misused or misinterpreted.
The following definitions are based on the book "Electrical Engineering without prior knowledge Understanding the basics in 7 days." The book completes the book series and is equally beginner-friendly as this book.
If you want to build a fundamental understanding of electrical engineering, I recommend reading this guidebook, too.
2.1. Electrical Potential
Electrical potential, also called electrostatic potential, is abbreviated with (Greek small letter Phi). It has the unit volt V.
Electrical potential describes the potential energy of a test charge within an electrical field. The electric field assigns a potential to every point in space.