Evgeny Katz - DNA- and RNA-Based Computing Systems

1. Chapter 2
2. Chapter 5
3. Chapter 10
4. Chapter 12
5. Chapter 14
6. Chapter 17

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 8
9. Chapter 9
10. Chapter 10
11. Chapter 12
12. Chapter 13
13. Chapter 14
14. Chapter 15
15. Chapter 16
16. Chapter 17
17. Chapter 18
18. Chapter 19

Edited by

Evgeny Katz

Editor

Dr. Evgeny Katz

Clarkson University

Department of Chemistry

Clarkson Avenue 8

NY

United States

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The use of biomolecular systems for processing information, performing logic operations, computational operations, and even automata performance is a rapidly developing research area. The entire field was named with the general buzzwords, biomolecular computing or biocomputing. Exciting advances in the area include the use of various biomolecular systems including proteins/enzymes, DNA, RNA, DNAzymes, antigens/antibodies, and even whole biological (usually microbial) cells operating as hardware for unconventional computing. The present book concentrates on DNA and RNA molecules utilized for information processing (biocomputing). Extensive ongoing research in the DNA and RNAbased biocomputing has been motivated by speeding up computation, at least for solving some special problems, due to massive parallel operation of numerous biomolecules. The advantages of the DNA and RNA computing systems are also in their ability to operate in a biological environment for solving biomedical problems in terms of diagnostics and possibly therapeutic action, operating as nanorobots in living organisms. DNA molecules are also applicable as memory material with extremely high data density storage.

The present book summarizes research efforts of many groups in different universities and countries. The book reviews and exemplifies these developments, as well as offering an outlook for possible future research foci. The various topics covered highlight key aspects and the future perspectives of the DNA and RNAbased computing. The different topics addressed in this book will be of high interest to the interdisciplinary community active in the area of unconventional biocomputing. The readers can find additional complementary material on molecular [] computing published recently by WileyVCH (see book cover pages below). It is hoped that the present book will be important and beneficial for researchers and students working in various areas related to biochemical computing, including biochemistry, materials science, computer science, and so on. Furthermore, the book is aimed to attract young scientists and introduce them to the field while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references. I, indeed, hope that the book will spark the imagination of scientists to further develop the topic.

I would like to conclude this preface by thanking my wife Nina for her support in every respect in the past 49years. Without her help it would not have been possible to complete this work. Also, cooperation and hard work of all authors working together with me on this edited volume are highly appreciated.

Potsdam, NY, USA

January 2020

Evgeny Katz

1. 1 Katz, E. (ed.) (2012). Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing: From Molecular Switches to Logic Systems. Weinheim: WileyVCH.
2. 2 Katz, E. (ed.) (2012). Biomolecular Information Processing From Logic Systems to Smart Sensors and Actuators. Weinheim: WileyVCH.
3. 3 Katz, E. (2019). EnzymeBased Computing Systems. Weinheim: WileyVCH.

Evgeny Katz

Clarkson University, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA

Exponential development of computing systems based on silicon materials and binary algorithms formulated as Moore's law [], potentially promising to have an advantage over siliconbased electronic computers due to parallel computing performed by numerous biomolecular units, the present level of technology does not allow any practical use of biomolecular systems for real computational applications. For achieving any practical result soon, some other applications, different from making a biocomputer, should be considered using the (bio)molecular systems with a limited complexity. One of the immediate possible applications for molecular logic systems is a special kind of biosensing [2931] where the multiple input signals are logically processed through chemical reactions resulting in YES/NO decisions in the binary (,) format. In this subarea of biomolecular logic systems, practical results are already possible at the present level of the system complexity, particularly for biomedical applications [3235]. Overall, the research in molecular/biomolecular information processing, which has been motivated originally to progress unconventional computing applications, is broadly developing to areas not directly related to computing in its narrow definition. This research is bringing us to novel areas in sensing/biosensing [2931], switchable smart materials controlled by logically processed signals [3236], bioelectronic devices (e.g., biofuel cells) controlled by external signals [], signalcontrolled release processes [3943], etc.