Donald B. Grey - Quantum Physics and Quantum Mechanics For Beginners--The Introduction Guide For Beginners Who Flunked Maths and Science In Plain Simple English

Quantum Physics and Quantum Mechanics for Beginners

The Introduction Guide For Beginners Who Flunked Math And Science In Plain Simple English

Donald B. Grey

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If you are interested in understanding quantum physics, but are turned off by its latent complexitythe mathematics and formulasyou are in the right place. This book was written to make quantum physics clear and understandable for those who find the study of math and science challenging, to say the least. You have every right to revel in the amazing discoveries that define and explain the subatomic world within our vast, expanding universe and everything it contains.

What is the difference between quantum physics and quantum mechanics? They mean the same, so well use the terms interchangeably as the science of matter and energy on the subatomic scale. According to Stephen Hoyers, Ph.D. in Physics, UC Berkeley:

As most physicists use them, there is no difference between quantum mechanics, quantum physics, and quantum theory.

From the earliest days of quantum theory more than a century ago, which began with Max Planck and Albert Einstein, through the present, quantum physics has been praised as brilliant, breakthrough science, and criticized as illogical, incomprehensible, and in violation of the known and trusted laws of classical physics. Yet increasingly sophisticated experiments and observations are confirming theories and hypotheses. Quantum mechanics is a reality.

Science still does not yet fully understand the complete nature of matter and energy, which has triggered vigorous and spirited debates, theories and experiments, which well review in the upcoming chapters. The quest for a grand unified theory, or theory of everything, that unites the forces of the universe, continues. Lets begin at the beginning for an overview of this amazing universe that we are a part of.

O UR UNDERSTANDING OF quantum physics begins with the formation of the subatomic particlesthe quarks, electrons, protons, neutrons, neutrinosand the atoms of which they are components of. The word atom means indivisible in ancient Greek, a point at which matter can no longer be divided. For over 2,000 years, this definition, in its simplicity, was as accurate as science could determine. But, during the 20th century, theories became verified by experimentation, and quantum physics came into being.

The Big Bang. Approximately 13.8 billion years ago, the universe was born in a phenomenal outpouring of energyan event commonly called the Big Bang . Scientists have tracked backwards to within trillionths of a second of that expansion, which continues today, with no foreseeable end in sight. All that exists today in the universefrom subatomic particles, atoms, elements and molecules, to trillions of stars and planets, massive galaxies, black holes and quasars at the far edges of the universeare composed of matter and energy created in that initial moment.

I NFLATIONARY THEORY . In less than a billionth-trillionth-trillionth of a second, the universe went from a virtual point or singularity, far smaller than a subatomic particle, to the size of a billiard ball, a hypothetical phase called inflation. This was the only time that matter and energy traveled faster than the speed of light. While inflation has not been definitely confirmed, it is increasingly becoming accepted within the scientific community.

Cosmic Microwave Background. In those first seconds after inflation, virtually all the energy of the expanding universe was in the form of heat, with temperatures reaching 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion degrees Celcius); it would take 378,000 years for the universe to cool sufficiently so that the subatomic particles and forces can combine and form complete atoms. This caused light to appear for the first time, in a burst of light, across the universe observed today as the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB.

Enter the Quantum World

T he following chapters will take you from the early days when quantum physics was first conceptualized, to the evolution of theories, testing and confirmation through experimentation, and on to the latest 21st century ideas and discoveries. Here are the highlights of each chapter:

Planck and Einstein. Youll meet the physicists who started the quantum revolution. The most influential was Max Planck, acknowledged as the father of quantum physics. It was Planck who first theorized that atoms received energy and radiated energy in quanta, or finite bundlesthe smallest possible units of energy. Planck was among the first to recognize and support Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity.