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Lila R. Gleitman - The acquisition of the lexicon

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Between the ages of eighteen months and six years, children acquire about eight words each day without specific instruction or correction, simply through the course of natural conversational interactions. This book brings together investigations from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds (with an emphasis on linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computer science) to examine how young children acquire the vocabulary of their native tongue with such rapidity, and with virtually no errors along the way. The chapters discuss a number of issues relating to the childs mental representation of objects and events on the one hand, and of the linguistic input on the other; and the learning procedures that can accept such data to build, store, and manipulate the vocabulary of 100,000 words or so that constitute the adult state. Taken together, these essays provide a state-of-the art analysis of one of the most remarkable cognitive achievements of the human infant. Contributors: - Part I. The Nature of the Mental Lexicon. Edwin Williams. Beth Levin. - Part II. Discovering the Word Units. Anne Cutler. Michael H. Kelly and Susanne Martin. - Part III. Categorizing the World. Susan Carey. Frank C. Keil. - Part IV. Categories, Words, and Language. Ellen M. Markman. Sandra A. Waxman. Barbara Landau. Paul Bloom. - Part V. The Case of Verbs. Cynthia Fischer, D. Geoffrey Hall, Susan Rakowitz, and Lila Gleitman. Steven Pinker. Jane Grimshaw. - Part VI. Procedures for Verb Learning. Michael R. Brent. Mark Steedman.

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title The Acquisition of the Lexicon author Gleitman Lila R - photo 1

title:The Acquisition of the Lexicon
author:Gleitman, Lila R.
publisher:MIT Press
isbn10 | asin:0262571099
print isbn13:9780262571098
ebook isbn13:9780585026602
language:English
subjectLanguage acquisition, Vocabulary, Semantics.
publication date:1994
lcc:P118.A143 1994eb
ddc:401/.93
subject:Language acquisition, Vocabulary, Semantics.
The Acquisition of the Lexicon
edited by Lila Gleitman and Barbara Landau
A Bradford Book
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
Second printing, 1996
First MIT Press edition, 1994
1994 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
Reprinted from Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics, Volume 92, Nos. 14, April 1994. The MIT Press has exclusive license to sell this English-language book edition throughout the world.
Printed and bound in the United States of America. This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The acquisition of the lexicon / edited by Lila Gleitman and Barbara Landau. 1st MIT
Press ed.
p. cm.
"A Bradford book."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-262-57109-9
1. Language acquisition. 2. Vocabulary. 3. Semantics. I. Gleitman, Lila R. II. Landau,
Barbara, 1949
P118.A143 1994
401'.93dc20
94-28973
CIP
Contents
Preface (L. Gleitman and B. Landau)
1
Section 1: Nature of the mental lexicon
E. Williams, Remarks on lexical knowledge
7
B. Levin and M. Rappaport Hovav, A preliminary analysis of causative verbs in English
35
Section 2: Discovering the word units
A. Cutler, Segmentation problems, rhythmic solutions
81
M.H. Kelly and S. Martin, Domain-general abilities applied to domain- specific tasks: Sensitivity to probabilities in perception, cognition, and language
105
Section 3: Categorizing the world
S. Carey, Does learning a language require the child to reconceptualize the world?
143
F.C. Keil, Explanation, association, and the acquisition of word meaning
169
Section 4: Categories, words, and language
E.M. Markman, Constraints on word meaning in early language acquisition
199
S.R. Waxman, The development of an appreciation of specific linkages between linguistic and conceptual organization
229

Page vi

B. Landau,Where's what and what's where: The language of objectsin space
259
P. Bloom,Possible names: The role of syntax-semantics mappings in the acquisition of nominals
297
Section 5: The case of verbs
C. Fisher, D.G. Hall, S. Rakowitz and L. Gleitman,When it is better to receive than to give: Syntactic and conceptual constraints on vocabulary growth
333
S. Pinker,How could a child use verb syntax to learn verb semantics?
377
J. Grimshaw,Lexical reconciliation
411
Section 6: Procedures for verb learning
M.R. Brent,Surface cues and robust inference as a basis for the early acquisition of subcategorization frames
433
M. Steedman,Acquisition of verb categories
471
Index
481

Page 1

Preface
For many years, the topic of lexical acquisition was a stepchild in linguistic inquiry. While the acquisition of syntax was acknowledged to be organized according to a set of deep and highly structured innate principles, word meanings were assumed to be acquired by a simple and particularistic associative procedure that mapped perceptual experience onto phonetic entities. We believe this stance was anomalous from the start, as had been pointed out eloquently by Plato and, in modern times, by Quine. Not all words are perceptually based; even those that are map quite abstractly from perceptual categories; and neither perception nor learning is 'simple'. During the past decade, it has become clear from linguistic inquiry that the lexicon is more highly structured than heretofore thought; moreover, that much of grammar turns on critical and universal links between syntactic and lexical-semantic phenomena.
Hence the present volume. The papers grew out of a workshop held at the University of Pennsylvania. Its aim was to bring together psychologists, computer scientists, and linguists whose joint concern was the lexicon and its acquisition; these researchers have typically worked quite separately and on problems thought to be disparate. The volume is organized in six sections:
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