First published 2013
Exisle Publishing Pty Ltd
Moonrising, Narone Creek Road, Wollombi, NSW 2325, Australia
P.O. Box 60490, Titirangi, Auckland 0642, New Zealand
www.exislepublishing.com
Copyright 2013 in text: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
The moral rights of the author have been asserted.
All rights reserved. Except for short extracts for the purpose of review, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
A CiP record for this book is available from the National Library of Australia.
ISBN 978-1-921966-20-0
Designed by Tracey Gibbs
Typeset in ITC Cheltenhem Std
Illustrations by Mark Roman
Printed in Shenzhen, China, by Ink Asia
This book uses paper sourced under ISO 14001 guidelines from well-managed forests and other controlled sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Disclaimer
This book is a general guide only and should never be a substitute for the skill, knowledge and experience of a qualified medical professional dealing with the facts, circumstances and symptoms of a particular case. The nutritional, medical and health information presented in this book is based on the research, training and professional experience of the author, and is true and complete to the best of their knowledge. However, this book is intended only as an informative guide; it is not intended to replace or countermand the advice given by the readers personal physician. Because each person and situation is unique, the author and the publisher urge the reader to check with a qualified healthcare professional before using any procedure where there is a question as to its appropriateness. A physician should be consulted before beginning any exercise program. The author, publisher and their distributors are not responsible for any adverse effects or consequences resulting from the use of the information in this book. It is the responsibility of the reader to consult a physician or other qualified healthcare professional regarding their personal care. This book contains references to products that may not be available everywhere. The intent of the information provided is to be helpful; however, there is no guarantee of results associated with the information provided. Use of brand names is for educational purposes only and does not imply endorsement.
Professor Merlin Thomas is a clinician scientist working at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. He works extensively with patients with diabetes and their doctors, as well as performing research in experimental models of diabetic complications. His work aims to identify new targets and advance new treatments to prevent, reverse and retard the development and progression of diabetic complications. He has written over two hundred papers, book chapters and books on diabetes management. His work on diabetic complications has received both local and international recognition including the Victorian Premiers Award for Medical Research.
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute is an independent, internationally renowned medical research facility. Their work extends from the laboratory to wide-scale community studies with a focus on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Institutes mission is to reduce death and disability from cardiovascular disease and diabetes; two highly prevalent and complex diseases that together are responsible for the most deaths and the highest health costs in the world.
Introduction
In Greek mythology, a king called Sisyphus was cursed for his past excesses. His solitary punishment was to push an immense boulder up a steep hill, only to have it roll back down and the task to start all over again. Diabetes might also seem like a curse to an eternity of useless repetition and unending frustration, but its not like that at all.
First, your goals of understanding and managing your diabetes are achievable. With the application of good diabetes care, healthy nutrition and regular physical activity, most people with type 2 diabetes lead full and healthy lives. Your effort is never futile.
Second, managing diabetes is not as hard as it sounds. What might appear on the surface to be an enormous or complex undertaking can become quite effortless with practice and application.
Third, diabetes management is not a punishment. It is easy to fall into the trap of believing that some suffering is the price of good health, like the distasteful medicine you must swallow to get well. But dieting is not punishment for the nutritionally wicked, nor is exercise the castigation of the couch potato. These are positive steps that have their own rewards.
Fourth, diabetes management requires a careful coordination of physical activity, diet and medication. But this does not mean you have to do the same things every day or eat the same restrictive diet, trapped in a tedious and repetitive cycle of care. In fact, diabetes management can be very flexible, matching individual requirements and capabilities with diet, exercise or medications.
Finally, you are not alone with your burden. Diabetes management will harness the support of your doctor, diabetes educator, dietician, podiatrist and many other professionals that comprise your diabetes care team. Each person will help you manage your diabetes and make the task of managing diabetes not only feasible but also revitalising.
Diabetes can sometimes feel like a curse to a lifetime of futile repetition. But it is not like this at all!
This book is your guide to diabetes and outlines the many opportunities you have to make a positive difference to your health. It begins by examining what diabetes is and how it comes about. It then goes on to describe the many practical changes you can make to your diet, and the potential strengths as well as weaknesses of these changes. It also looks at physical activity and the different ways exercise can be used to both maintain and improve your health. The book also explores the medical aspects of diabetes care, including practical ways to achieve control of your waistline, blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as the best means to avoid major complications.
You can do this. It is nothing like pushing a rock up a hill.
What is diabetes?
UNDERSTAND
- The human body runs on fuel, like the petrol in your car. Glucose is chiefly used to fuel chemical reactions inside the body.
- To keep the brain and body healthy, blood glucose levels are normally kept within a narrow range, balanced by the actions of insulin and other hormones.
- Insulin is made and released by the beta-cells of the pancreas to coordinate the bodys response to rising glucose levels.
- Diabetes occurs when there is not enough insulin (function) to keep glucose levels under control.
- High glucose levels usually start out as a silent problem. Most people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are completely unaware they have it, and have probably had it for many years.
MANAGE
- Recognise what your own symptoms of high glucose levels are and how they might be affecting your health and wellbeing.
- Frequently assess how well your glucose levels are being controlled with the help of your diabetes care team.
- Work with your diabetes care team to define the most appropriate targets for the intensity of your own glucose control.