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Carlos Pazos - Genetics for Smart Kids: A Little Scientists Guide to Cells, DNA, Genes, and More!

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Carlos Pazos Genetics for Smart Kids: A Little Scientists Guide to Cells, DNA, Genes, and More!
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Genetics for Smart Kids: A Little Scientists Guide to Cells, DNA, Genes, and More!: summary, description and annotation

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Discover the mystery of science with Future Geniuses!
Little Doctor Valentina is back with a brand new adventure! This time, join Valentina as she explains the concept of genetics, using her adorable puppy, Mendel, as her model.
With her handy microscope, Valentina examines Mendels cells and teaches us all about cell parts-organelles, membranes, cytoplasm, and finally, the powerhouse of the cell, the nucleus. Within the nucleus, Valentina points out the DNA and the genes that explain everything about us-like why Mendel is yellow and his siblings are brown!
Dive deep into the world of genetics and learn all about nitrogen bases, RNA, chromosomes, mitosis, and more. Uncover what makes you, well, you!
Future Geniuses is a collection that will help families spend a lot of time reading and learning together. Through simple text and fun illustrations, author and scientist Carlos Pazos makes the subject of genetics approachable and easy to understand for even the smallest scientists.

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Hello future genetics experts This is my PUPPY Mendel - photo 1
Hello future genetics experts This is my PUPPY Mendel and I am DOCTOR - photo 2
Hello future genetics experts This is my PUPPY Mendel and I am DOCTOR - photo 3
Hello future genetics experts This is my PUPPY Mendel and I am DOCTOR - photo 4
Hello, future
genetics experts!
This is my PUPPY , Mendel,
and I am DOCTOR Valentina.
I am sure you
have already noticed
that Mendel is yellow,
but his siblings are brown.
Do you want to know why Mendel is different Look closely with me and we will - photo 5
Do you want to know why Mendel is different?
Look closely with me, and we will discover
the mystery of his fur color.
If we zoom in with a magnifying glass we can enter a tiny world Look Mites - photo 6
If we zoom in
with a magnifying glass,
we can enter
a tiny world.
Look!
Mites live between Mendel's hairs.
They are tiny critters that are not
visible to the naked eye.
Skin Cells If we get even closer we will find even more curiosities And here - photo 7
Skin Cells
If we get
even closer,
we will find even
more curiosities.
And here
we have it!
One of Mendels
CELLS .
All living beings big and small are made up of cells Cells are made up of - photo 8
All living beings,
big and small,
are made up
of cells.
Cells are made up of different parts Organelles Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus One - photo 9
Cells are made up
of different parts.
Organelles
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
One of the most
important parts is
the NUCLEUS .
The nucleus guards a special treasure DNA DNA contains the - photo 10
The nucleus guards
a special treasure...
DNA!
DNA contains
the instructions
for life.
DNA is a very long chain of information formed with short pieces called GENES - photo 11
DNA is a very long chain of
information formed with
short pieces called GENES .
DNA contains genes for everything Flat and dark 2 long ears Some explain the - photo 12
DNA contains genes for everything.
Flat and dark!
2 long ears!
Some explain
the shape
of the snout...
... or the ears.
Other genes tell us
how many feet Mendel
should have or dictate
the color of his fur.
4 feet!
Yellow!
As we can see with the naked eye Mendel and his siblings have slightly - photo 13
As we can see with the naked eye,
Mendel and his siblings have
slightly different genes.
Brown!
If we unroll the genes a little it looks like a zipper The individual - photo 14
If we unroll
the genes a little,
it looks like
a zipper.
The individual pieces are joined thanks to these nice NITROGEN BASES - photo 15
The individual pieces are joined
thanks to these nice
NITROGEN BASES .
Guanine + Citosine
Adenine + Thymine
Look!
Not all
bases fit
together nicely.
Sometimes the nitrogen bases separate and form other simpler chains This is - photo 16
Sometimes the nitrogen bases separate and form other
simpler chains. This is messenger RNA ,
which transfers the genetic code outside of the nucleus.
DNA
mRNA
Adenine + Uracil
When the messenger RNA is read the cell uses AMINO ACIDS to create PROTEINS - photo 17
When the messenger
RNA is read, the cell
uses AMINO ACIDS
to create PROTEINS .
And the proteins, along
with some other things,
can create more cells.
Proteins
Amino acids
Since the DNA chain is very long it needs to wind itself up to fit inside the - photo 18
Since the DNA chain
is very long, it needs
to wind itself up to
fit inside the nucleus.
Double helix
Nucleosome
When a new cell is about to be born the DNA transforms into many CHROMOSOMES - photo 19
When a new cell is about to be born, the DNA
transforms into many CHROMOSOMES .
Chromosome
Condensed
chromatin
Chromatin
Now we will focus on the chromosome Other chromatid Chromatid Kinetochore - photo 20
Now we will
focus on the
chromosome.
Other chromatid
Chromatid
Kinetochore
Centromere
The two
chromatids
have the
same DNA .
Arm
Telomere
1 Interphase 2 Prophase 3 Metaphase 4 Anaphase 5 Telophase 6 Cytokinesis - photo 21
1 Interphase
2 Prophase
3 Metaphase
4 Anaphase
5 Telophase
6 Cytokinesis
When the chromosomes
appear, and the DNA
has been copied,
other cells can be born.
This process is called
MITOSIS .
There are two!
DNA is amazing but where did Mendels DNA come from It all began with his - photo 22
DNA is amazing, but where did
Mendels DNA come from?
It all began with his grandparents.
When they were young,
they each contributed half
of their DNA to a cell.
Zygote
Fusion of pronuclei 2 cells 4 cells Morula Blastocyst Fetus Bit by bit this - photo 23
Fusion of
pronuclei
2 cells
4 cells
Morula
Blastocyst
Fetus
Bit by bit, this cell multiplies
until a small puppy is born.
This is Mendels father His fur was brown because this is the DOMINANT gene of - photo 24
This is Mendels father! His fur was brown because
this is the DOMINANT gene of the two color genes.
Dominant
Recessive
Mendels father grew up to be a handsome dog
and then met Mendels mother.
The two were the same color, but they had RECESSIVE
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