Monika Davies - Spectacular Sports: Playing Like a Girl: Problem Solving

0covercover.xhtmlSpectacular Sports Playing Like a girl Problem Solving Monika Daviescover1page0001page0001.xhtml22page0002page0002.xhtml33page0003page0003.xhtml44page0004page0004.xhtmlTable of Contents Play Like a Girl 4 Rising Soccer Star 6 Poetry on Ice 11 A Golden Athlete 14 She Shoots, She Scores! 18 Equality on and off the Court 20 Game, Set, Match 22 Sport Icons 27 Problem Solving 28 Glossary 30 Index 31 Answer Key 3255page0005page0005.xhtmlPlay Like a Girl This is the century of women. Billie Jean King When you hear the phrase you play like a girl, what do you think it means? Do you think it is a compliment? Some of the greatest athletes in the world are women. Yet, it can be a challenge to find news articles about female athletes. There are many more reports about men's sports. Female athletes are some of the toughest people out there. Every day, no matter the sport, they train. They learn. They work. They strive to be better than they were yesterday. Explore any sport, and you will find female players that have taken that sport to new heights. Some still compete today, while others played decades ago. These athletes have taken the old insult of playing like a girl and have turned it on its head. They have grit passion and perseverance that help them achieve their goals. From soccer to tennis to basketball, there are amazing female athletes competing every day. Billie Jean King competes in 1975 at Wimbledon, the oldest tennis tournament in the world.66page0006page0006.xhtmlSprinters leave their starting blocks. LET'S EXPLORE MATH Before a game, every athlete creates a game plan. The same should be true for every mathlete trying to solve a word problem (that's you!). Match each description to the correct step of this problem-solving plan. 1. Think 2. Plan 3. Solve 4. Check A. Read and reread the problem. B. Determine whether your solution makes sense. C. Show the solution to the problem. D. Decide which strategy to use.77page0007page0007.xhtmlRising Soccer Star When someone tells me I can't do something, I'm going to always prove them wrong. That's what champions do. Carli Lloyd It's 2015. Over 750 million people are watching the biggest soccer game of the year. They are hoping for a win. They are also hoping for a star player to rise up. Enter Carli Lloyd. Lloyd, a five-foot-seven midfielder from Delran, New Jersey, was born in 1982. Lloyd kicked her first soccer ball at the age of five. Her parents thought she might be a good ballet dancer. But, Lloyd knew she was meant to be a soccer player. She has been kicking goals ever since. Yet, Lloyd's road to soccer stardom has had speed bumps. As a young player, she was cut from the U.S. Women's National Team. Lloyd was disappointed. She thought about quitting. Carli Lloyd maneuvers past her opponents in the 2011 Women's World Cup.88page0008page0008.xhtmlLloyd maintains possession of the ball at the 2012 Olympic Games. LET'S EXPLORE MATH Itzel and her sister have won numerous medals for playing soccer. Itzel has 18 medals. Her sister has 12 medals. If they hang the medals in 2 equal rows, how many will be in each row? Plan how you will tackle this problem. Then, estimate to check that your solution is reasonable. Think Plan Solve Check99page0009page0009.xhtmlThen, Lloyd met her trainer, James Galanis. He knew she had talent. But, she needed to be fully committed to improving her skills. The pair began working together. Slowly, Lloyd got stronger and faster. She soon regained her position on the U.S. team. Her debut on the world stage was in 2005. Since then, she has played for the U.S. soccer team as a center midfielder. The 2015 World Cup final was a pivotal moment for Lloyd. It was turning into a game for the history books. In the first 16 minutes, Lloyd scored 3 goals. This was the first World Cup hat trick scored by a woman! It was a strong start for the U.S. team. Japan's team never recovered. Lloyd's team ended the game with a 5-2 victory. Her hat trick was a vital part of the win. She won the Golden Ball Award for her performance. Lloyd is on her way to being one of the world's best soccer players. Remember her name you will surely hear it again! Lloyd is awarded the Golden Ball at the 2015 Women's World Cup.1010page0010page0010.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Carli Lloyd didn't become a soccer sensation overnight. She put in countless hours of hard work with her teammates. 1. Suppose that during the first week of the season, Lloyd and her teammates practice 3 hours each day for 5 days. How many hours do they practice in the first week? 2. During the second week, suppose that the players practice 6 days for a total of 24 hours. If the players practice an equal number of hours each day, how many hours per day do they practice? Carli Lloyd sprints down the field during the 2015 Women's World Cup.1111page0011page0011.xhtmlMichelle Kwan glides across the ice at the 1998 Winter Olympic Games.1212page0012page0012.xhtmlPoetry on Ice Literally falling on the ice and having to pick yourself up in front of thousands of people is not an easy thing to do. The thing that you learn is to pick yourself back up, to learn from your mistakes. Michelle Kwan Graceful, fierce, and strong are just a few of the words that have been used to describe Michelle Kwan. When she skated, people could barely hear her blades cutting into the ice. She glided with her music. People stood and cheered when she completed her programs. Before Kwan was a famous skater, she was just a little girl who loved to skate. Kwan's parents immigrated to the United States from Hong Kong. She was born in California in 1980. She is the youngest of three children. Growing up, she watched her brother play ice hockey. Like Lloyd, Kwan was just five years old when she laced up her skates for the first time. After that, she was never too far from an ice rink. Kwan competes at the 1993 Skate America competition.1313page0013page0013.xhtmlIt was clear Kwan was going to be a brilliant skater. She won her first competition after two years of practice. At the age of 13, she was the alternate for the U.S. Olympic team. Kwan was young, but she worked hard. Her talent was getting noticed. In 1998, Kwan headed to the Olympics. She was the favorite to win gold. However, another skater won. Kwan was disappointed. A lot of her fans also shared her sadness. But she said, I didn't lose the gold. I won the silver. Kwan's list of victories grew long. She won more than 40 championships. This included five world titles. Although she never won Olympic gold, she had many triumphs. Figure skating careers are often short. But, Kwan skated for many years. During that time, she skated with grace. She faced her losses with a positive attitude. People still talk about her sportsmanship. She had the heart and spirit of a true champion. Michelle Kwan practices a split jump.1414page0014page0014.xhtmlKwan performs her free skate routine at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. LET'S EXPLORE MATH At the beginning of an ice skating competition, there are 40 skaters. Sadly, 3 skaters are injured and must drop out. The remaining skaters are scheduled in groups of 4. Will the groups have an equal number of skaters? Explain your thinking.1515page0015page0015.xhtmlA Golden Athlete It is better to look ahead and prepare than to look back and regret. Jackie Joyner-Kersee Sports Illustrated named Jackie Joyner-Kersee the twentieth century's greatest female athlete. It's a bold statement. But many say that it's true. Joyner-Kersee was born in 1962. It was obvious from the start she could take on any sport. She excelled in track events. She was also skilled at basketball and volleyball. In high school, she completed a 6. 68-meter (21. 92-foot) jump. It was a state high school record. She was on track to become a star! But hurdles on the track were not the only challenges Joyner-Kersee would face. While in college, she found out she had severe asthma. At times, she had trouble breathing. Running was a part of her daily life. She worried this would set her back. So, she hid her asthma. Finally, she told her coaches about her condition. She took medication. In the end, her asthma was a hurdle she was able to jump!1616page0016page0016.xhtmlJackie Joyner-Kersee jumps over a hurdle at the 1993 World Championships.1717page0017page0017.xhtmlJoyner-Kersee is famous for her heptathlon triumphs. A heptathlon has seven events. Points are given for each event. These events last two days. The first day has 100-meter hurdles and the high jump. Next are shot put and a 200-meter run. The second day continues with the long jump and javelin throw. The day ends with an 800-meter run. To win, athletes have to be good at all track-and-field events. They must have stamina. They do not have to win every event. But, they must do well in each to score points. Jackie Joyner-Kersee prepares for the javelin throw at the 1996 USA Track and Field Olympic Trials.1818page0018page0018.xhtmlJoyner-Kersee was the first woman to score over 7, 000 points in the heptathlon. She scored 7, 291 points. She still holds the world record for most points scored. This is why she is known as the best all-around female athlete. She went far in this intense sport. Joyner-Kersee also competed in the Olympics. She won six Olympic medals. Two were for the heptathlon. She truly was unstoppable! Joyner-Kersee competes in the high jump at the 1993 World Championships.1919page0019page0019.xhtmlShe Shoots, She Scores! Winning is the way you conduct yourself; it's the way you take on every single day in practice... It's a mind-set. Diana Taurasi Diana Taurasi, a six-foot-tall guard, started her basketball career at a young age. In high school, she received the Cheryl Miller Award. This award goes to the best basketball player in Southern California. She continued her career at the University of Connecticut. She led her team to three championships in a row! Taurasi started playing in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in 2004. Since then, she has gone on to win many awards. She has won Olympic gold medals, NCAA Championships, and a WNBA Championship. Taurasi is one of nine women to have done this! In 2016, she reached 7, 000 career points. She is only the third WNBA player to reach that goal! Many say Taurasi is different on and off the court. On the court, she's ready to battle. Off the court, she sports a huge grin. Winning and teamwork are more important to her than fame. Fans love her, too! In 2001, she was voted one of the WNBA's Top 15 Players of All Time.2020page0020page0020.xhtmlDiana Taurasi jumps to shoot the ball during the 2004 Olympics. LET'S EXPLORE MATH Imagine Diana Taurasi is training for her next basketball season. For one week, she runs 2 miles each morning and 1 mile each evening. The second week she runs 24 miles total. How many miles does Diana run over these two weeks? Show your thinking.2121page0021page0021.xhtmlEquality on and off the Court The main thing is to care. Care very hard, even if it is only a game you are playing. Billie Jean King Billie Jean King won 39 Grand Slam titles. Grand Slams are the biggest tennis tournaments in the world. These include the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Open. King played hard for each and every win. But, her biggest matches were often off the court. King played in an earlier era. Female players were even less valued and underpaid than they are now. King wanted to change that. In 1973, she helped organize the first women's tennis tour. She also wanted the U.S. Open to award men and women equal prize money. King told officials she would boycott matches if this did not happen. It was a tense time. In the end, she won the standoff. It was a victory for women everywhere. King is also remembered for the Battle of the Sexes. In 1973, a male tennis player challenged female tennis players to matches. He beat his first female opponent. Then, he came up against King. He thought he could defeat and embarrass her. Instead, she beat him.2222page0022page0022.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Billie Jean King played on a standard-sized tennis court that measured 78 feet by 27 feet. How much area did the court cover? Multiply the length by the width using this equation : 78 27 = _________ 78 ft. 27 ft. Billie Jean King returns a shot during the 1970 Wimbledon Championships.2323page0023page0023.xhtmlGame, Set, Match As a black tennis player, I looked different. I sounded different. I dressed differently. I served differently. But when I stepped onto the court, I could compete with anyone. Serena Williams Before Billie Jean King retired in 1990, another tennis star was born. Serena Williams served her first tennis ball at the age of four. Her father taught her and her older sister, Venus, how to play tennis. He knew they had the skills to go far. He practiced with them for two hours every day. But, their father knew they needed better coaching. So, he moved the family to West Palm Beach, Florida. It was there the sisters attended tennis school. It was a smart move. Soon, Williams was winning match after match. Serena Williams competes in the 2000 Australian Open.2424page0024page0024.xhtmlWilliams turned pro in 1995. She quickly began to climb the ranks. Both Williams and her sister were powerful on the court. They played fiercely. Both dominated. No one had seen players like them before! Venus and Serena Williams pose for a photo with President Ronald Reagan in 1990.2525page0025page0025.xhtmlSerena Williams sinks to one knee to make a shot during the 2015 U.S. Open.2626page0026page0026.xhtmlWilliams is still one of the most dominant tennis players in the world. She has won all four major Grand Slam titles in a row. This feat has been named the Serena Slam. Now in her 30s, Williams shows no signs of slowing down. While most tennis players peak in their 20s, Williams has become stronger. For Williams, being number one is a goal she has reached. But she is still driven to do her best. Serena Williams is one of the greats in the tennis world. She has many trophies to prove it. But, her success is more than wins on the court. She also formed the Serena Williams Foundation. She gives scholarships to students in need across the United States. LET'S EXPLORE MATH Suppose you want to buy tickets to two of Williams's matches. You purchase one opening match ticket and one final match ticket. The ticket for the final match costs $180, which is three times more than the ticket for the opening match. Write a multiplication equation to represent this situation. Use t to represent the cost of the opening match ticket. Then, solve for t.2727page0027page0027.xhtmlGold medalist Simone Biles lands a vault at the 2016 Olympic Games.2828page0028page0028.xhtmlSport Icons The success of every woman should be the inspiration to another. We should raise each other up. Make sure you're very courageous : be strong, be extremely kind, and above all, be humble. Serena Williams Telling someone you play like a girl is the ultimate compliment! It means you are not afraid to make a mistake. You always do your best. You are confident. You are healthy. You are strong. Anyone should be proud to play like a girl! Every athlete has a similar path to success. Athletes start with a dream, and then they put in the hours of work needed to reach the top! Female icons of the sporting world are willing to run, skate, and sprint the extra mile. These are the athletes who will be celebrated in our history books. They are the ones who remind us that, with a little grit, we can accomplish any goal.2929page0029page0029.xhtml3030page0030page0030.xhtml Kwan makes 6 holes-in-one. After that, it takes her 3 strokes per hole to finish the course. King finishes with a score that is equal to the stroke limit. King takes three times as many strokes as Joyner-Kersee. Lloyd finishes the course with twice as many strokes as Joyner-Kersee. Taurasi sinks a hole-in-one and takes 2 strokes for each of the next 2 holes. She takes 6 strokes on the fourth hole and gets disqualified. Williams takes 2 strokes per hole for the first 6 holes and 3 strokes for each of the remaining holes.3131page0031page0031.xhtmlGlossary bold very confident feat achievement hat trick the scoring of three goals in a game heptathlon athletic contest that includes seven events, such as running, jumping, and throwing javelin a long spear peak the highest level or degree pro paid to play a sport shot put an event where athletes throw a heavy metal ball as far as they can sportsmanship fair and respectful behavior by a competitor stamina considerable physical (or mental) strength that holds up for a long period of time standoff an argument in which neither side has won yet3232page0032page0032.xhtmlIndex basketball, figure skating, Galanis, James, Grand Slam, heptathlon, Joyner-Kersee, Jackie, King, Billie Jean, Kwan, Michelle, Lloyd, Carli, Olympics, soccer, Taurasi, Diana, tennis, track, Williams, Serena, Williams, Venus, Wimbledon, WNBA, World Cup,3333page0033page0033.xhtmlAnswer Key Let's Explore Math page 5: 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B page 7: Estimate: 15 medals; 20 + 10 = 30; 30 2 = 15; actual: 15 medals; 18+12 = 30; 302 = 15 or (182)+(122) = 15 page 9: 1. 15 hours; 3 5 = 15 2. 4 hours; 24 6 = 4 page 13: No; 40 3 = 37; 37 4 = 9 r. 1; Explanations will vary, but should include that skaters can make 9 equal groups of 4 with 1 skater left over. page 19: 45 miles; 3 7 = 21; 21 + 24 = 45 page 21: 2,106 square feet. Strategies will vary. page 25: 3 t = 180; t = $60; 180 3 = 60 Problem Solving 1st: Joyner-Kersee, 30 strokes 2nd: Kwan, 42 strokes 3rd: Williams, 48 strokes 4th: Lloyd, 60 strokes 5th: King, 90 strokes 6th: Taurasi, 11 strokes, but disqualified3434page0034page0034.xhtmlMath Talk 1. What strategies can you use to start solving a word problem? 2. How can estimation help you check whether your solution is reasonable? 3. How are these two problems alike and different? a. Ayla has 20 soccer balls to share equally among 6 groups of players. How many balls will each group receive? b. The coach wants to schedule vans to transport the soccer players to their next game. There are 20 players, and each van can fit 6 people. How many vans does the coach need to order? 4. How do you know whether it will take you one step or multiple steps to solve a word problem? 5. How can you tell which information is important in a word problem? 6. If your strategy for solving a word problem is not working, what can you do?3535page0035page0035.xhtmlSpectacular Sports Playing Like a girl Problem Solving Do you have grit? These female athletes certainly do. Passion and perseverance help them accomplish their goals. Meet some amazing athletes who proudly play like girls, as you demonstrate your own grit while problem solving! Operations and Algebraic Reasoning36