Finding Out about
Geothermal
Energy
Matt Doeden
Copyright 2015 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior written
permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in
an acknowledged review.
Lerner Publications Company
A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
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For reading levels and more information, look up this title at www.lernerbooks.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Doeden, Matt.
Finding out about geothermal energy / by Matt Doeden.
pages cm. (Searchlight booksWhat are energy sources?)
Includes index.
ISBN 9781467736589 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper)
ISBN 9781467746380 (eBook)
1. Geothermal engineeringJuvenile literature. 2. Geothermal resourcesJuvenile
literature. I. Title.
TJ280.7.D66 2015
621.44dc23
2013036369
Manufactured in the United States of America
1 BP 7/15/14
Contents
WHAT IS
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY?
COLLECTING
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
THE PROS AND CONS OF
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Chapter
WHAT IS
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
Imagine digging a hole
hundreds or thousands
of feet beneath Earths
surface. What would you
find? The ground might
seem cool as you dig a few
feet down. But that soon
changes. You dig deeper, and
it gets warmer. And warmer.
And warmer! Soon its hotter
than you can stand.
The ground is cool when you
first dig into it. Does it stay
cool as you dig deeper?
Why is this? Earth has a lot of heat inside it. And the
farther down you go, the hotter it gets. The heat trapped
deep inside Earth is called geothermal energy. Geo means
earth. Thermal means heat.
Earths heat warms these
waters in Yellowstone
National Park.
Geothermal
energy has two
main uses. It can
heat buildings. Or
it can be used to
make electricity.
We usually just
have to dig a little
to reach it.
In some areas of the
world, you can swim
in water heated by
geothermal energy.
Where Does Geothermal Energy Come From?
Earths center is called the core. Temperatures there
can reach 9,000F (5,000C). That is hot enough to melt
rock! But where does all that heat come from?
EARTH HAS FOUR LAYERS. THE CENTER
LAYER IS THE INNER CORE.
Some of the heat is left over from when Earth formed.
That happened about billion years ago. Earth formed
as dust and gas collapsed together. The collapse created
a lot of heat.
The heat from when
Earth was formed plays
an important role in
geothermal energy today.
When magma erupts
out of a volcano, it is
called lava.
Much of the heat was trapped deep inside Earth. It
was so hot that rocks melted into a liquid called magma.
Some of that heat remains inside Earth to this day.
About percent of the cores heat is left over from
when Earth formed.
Most of the remaining percent is created by
radioactive decay. This is the process by which some
materials decay, or break down, over time. Atoms are
the basic building blocks of matter. Some types of atoms
are radioactive. They break down. When they do, they
release a lot of energy. This energy becomes heat.
Atoms can release energy
that becomes heat.
Pressure builds as water heats
up. When pressure gets too high,
water erupts from the surface.
But the heat doesnt
just stay in the core.
The hotter magma is,
the lighter it is. So it
slowly flows outward,
toward the surface. It
carries some of the
cores heat with it.
This keeps everything
underground warm.
When we tap into this
heat, we can get energy.
Chapter
COLLECTING
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
People have used geothermal
energy for thousands of years.
In some places, springs hot reach
the surface. These pools
of water are heated by
Earth. People in places such
as ancient China and ancient
Rome used these hot springs
as baths. Some even used the
water to heat their homes.
Ancient people used water heated by
geothermal energy to bathe. What
was another way that ancient people
used these warm waters?
Simple heating systems such as these still exist.
Iceland has many hot springs. Pipes carry the hot
water into homes. The water gives off its heat and
keeps the homes warm. It is a very easy and cheap
way to stay warm. But most parts of the world are far
from hot springs. Using Earths heat in these places is
a little trickier.
Pipes can carry heat from
hot springs to homes.
Workers install a
geothermal heat pump.
Geothermal Heat Pumps
You probably dont have
a spring hot in your
backyard. That means
that youll have to dig to
get at Earths heat. And
many homeowners are
doing just that. They
are putting geothermal
heat pumps (GHPs) into
their homes.