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Prakash C. Gupta - Data Communications and Computer Networks

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Prakash C. Gupta Data Communications and Computer Networks
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Primarily intended as a text for undergraduate courses in Electronics and Communications Engineering, Computer Science, IT courses, and Computer Applications, this up-to-date and accessible text gives an indepth analysis of data communications and computer networks in an easy-to-read style. Though a new title, it is a completely revised and fully updated version of the authors earlier book Data Communications. The rapid strides made during the last decade in the fields of data communication and networking, and the close link between these two subjects have prompted the author to add several chapters on computer networks in this text.

The book gives a masterly analysis of topics ranging from the principles of data transmission to computer networking applications. It also provides standard protocols, thereby enabling to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Whats more, it correlates the network protocols to the concepts, which are explained with the help of numerous examples to facilitate students understanding of the subject.

This well-organized text presents the latest developments in the field and details current topics of interest such as Multicasting, MPLS, IPv6, Gigabit Ethernets, IPSec, SSL, Auto-negotiation, Wireless LANs, Network security, Differentiated services, and ADSL.

Besides students, the practicing professionals would find the book to be a valuable resource.

The book, in its second edition introduces a full chapter on Quality of Service, highlighting the meaning, parameters and functions required for quality of service.

This book is recommended in Kaziranga University, Nagaland, IIT Guwahati, Assam and West Bengal University of Technology (WBUT), West Bengal for B.Tech.

Key Features

The book is self-contained and student friendly.
The sequential organization lends flexibility in designing courses on the subject.
Large number of examples, diagrams and tables illustrate the concepts discussed in the text.
Numerous exercises (with answers), a list of acronyms, and references to protocol standards.

**

About the Author

Prakash C. Gupta is Head, Department of Information Technology, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune. Earlier he was Head, Data Networks, Reliance Infocomm Ltd.Also, a recipient of Gold Medal, from the Department of Telecom, Ministry of Communications, Prakash C. Gupta was one of the panellist in World Telecom 2000 held in Geneva. He has a rich and varied experience in research, engineering and operating telecommunications and data networks.

Prakash C. Gupta: author's other books


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Data Communications and Computer Networks — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work

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DATA COMMUNICATIONS
AND

COMPUTER NETWORKS

Second Edition

Prakash C. GUPTA

Formerly Head

Department of Information Technology

Maharashtra Institute of Technology

Pune

Delhi-110092 2014 DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS Second Edition - photo 1

Delhi-110092

2014

DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS, Second Edition

Prakash C. Gupta

2014 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-4864-6

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Eighth Printing (Second Edition) ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... January, 2014

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Rajkamal Electric Press, Plot No. 2, Phase IV, HSIDC, Kundli-131028, Sonepat, Haryana.

Contents

........... xxv

1 ........... 134

1.1 Basic Model of Data Communication System ...........

1.2 Data Representation ...........

1.2.1 ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange ...........

1.2.2 Byte ...........

1.3 Data Transmission ...........

1.3.1 Parallel Transmission ...........

1.3.2 Serial Transmission ...........

1.3.3 Bit Rate ...........

1.3.4 Receiving Data Bits ...........

1.4 Modes of Data Transmission ...........

1.4.1 Asynchronous Transmission ...........

1.4.2 Synchronous Transmission ...........

1.5 Digital Signal Encoding ...........

1.6 Unipolar and Polar Line Codes ...........

1.6.1 Non Return to Zero (NRZ) Codes ...........

1.6.2 Return to Zero (RZ) Codes ...........

1.7 Bipolar Line Codes ...........

1.7.1 Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) ...........

1.7.2 High Density Bipolar-3 Zeroes (HDB3) ...........

1.7.3 Bipolar with 8 Zeroes Substitution (B8ZS) Code ...........

1.8 Block Codes ...........

1.9 Frequency Spectrum ...........

1.9.1 Fourier Series ...........

1.10 Transmission Channel ...........

1.10.1 Bauds ...........

1.10.2 Baseband Transmission ...........

1.10.3 Modem ...........

1.11 Data Compression ...........

1.11.1 Information ...........

1.11.2 Entropy ...........

1.11.3 Redundancy ...........

1.11.4 Encoding for Compression ...........

1.11.5 Shannon-Fano Code ...........

1.11.6 Huffman Code ...........

1.12 Data Communication ...........

1.12.1 Synchronous Communication ...........

1.12.2 Asynchronous Communication ...........

1.13 Directional Capabilities of Data Exchange ...........

1.14 Line Configurations ...........

Summary ...........

Exercises ...........

2 ........... 364

2.1 Transmission Line Characteristics ...........

2.1.1 Primary Parameters ...........

2.1.2 Secondary Parameters ...........

2.1.3 Phase Velocity and Phase Delay ...........

2.1.4 Frequency Dependence of Secondary Parameters ...........

2.2 Linear Distortions ...........

2.2.1 Group Delay ...........

2.2.2 Frequency Domain Equalizers ...........

2.3 Characteristics of Transmission Line in Time Domain ...........

2.4 Crosstalk ...........

2.5 Logarithmic Units of Power Level Measurements ...........

2.6 Metallic Transmission Media ...........

2.6.1 Balanced Pair ...........

2.6.2 Balanced Pair Cables ...........

2.6.3 Loading of Balanced Pairs ...........

2.6.4 Balanced Pair for Data Networks ...........

2.6.5 Coaxial Cable ...........

2.7 Optical Fibre ...........

2.7.1 Multimode Fibres ...........

2.7.2 Modal Dispersion ...........

2.7.3 Monomode Fibre ...........

2.7.4 Graded Index Fibres ...........

2.7.5 Chromatic Dispersion ...........

2.7.6 Total Dispersion ...........

2.7.7 Fibre Attenuation ...........

2.7.8 Advantages of Optical Fibre ...........

2.8 Radio Media ...........

2.8.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum ...........

2.9 Baseband Transmission of Data Signals ...........

2.9.1 First Nyquist Criterion ...........

2.9.2 Second Nyquist Criterion ...........

2.9.3 Channel Characteristic for Finite Duration Pulses ...........

2.10 Equalization ...........

2.10.1 Transversal Filter Equalizer ...........

2.10.2 Adaptive Equalization ...........

2.11 Clocked Regenerative Receiver ...........

2.12 Eye Pattern ...........

Summary ...........

Exercises ...........

3 ........... 65101

3.1 Telephone Network ...........

3.1.1 Network Topology ...........

3.1.2 Single Exchange Area ...........

3.1.3 Multiple Exchanges ...........

3.1.4 Trunk Automatic Exchanges ...........

3.1.5 International Transit Exchange ...........

3.2 Transport Network ...........

3.2.1 Hybrids ...........

3.2.2 Multiplexing ...........

3.2.3 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) ...........

3.2.4 30-Channel PCM Signal ...........

3.2.5 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) ...........

3.3 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) ...........

3.3.1 STM-1 Frame Structure ...........

3.3.2 Virtual Container (VC) ...........

3.3.3 VC-4 ...........

3.3.4 VC-12 ...........

3.3.5 Mapping of Data Signals on STM-1 ...........

3.3.6 Higher Order SDH Signals ...........

3.4 Transmission Systems for Long Distance Network ...........

3.5 Echo in Transmission Systems ...........

3.6 Noise in Transmission Systems ...........

3.6.1 Intermodulation Noise ...........

3.6.2 Thermal and Shot Noise ...........

3.6.3 Psophometric Weighting ...........

3.6.4 Signal to Noise Ratio ...........

3.6.5 Companders ...........

3.7 Signal Impairments in the Telephone Network ...........

3.7.1 Impulse Noise ...........

3.7.2 Gain Hits and Dropouts ...........

3.7.3 Phase Hits ...........

3.7.4 Phase Jitter ...........

3.7.5 Single Frequency Interference ...........

3.7.6 Frequency Shift ...........

3.8 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ...........

3.8.1 ISDN Interface ...........

3.8.2 ISDN Devices ...........

3.8.3 Reference Interfaces ...........

3.8.4 BRA Frame Structure ...........

3.8.5 Access Mechanism for D Channel in BRA ...........

3.8.6 Data Transmission Mechanisms of ISDN ...........

3.9 Data Communications on Telephone Network ...........

3.9.1 3003400 Hz Voice Channel Bandwidth ...........

3.9.2 ISDN Services ...........

3.9.3 Digital Point-to-Point Links ...........

3.9.4 ITU-T Recommendations for Voice Band Leased Circuits ...........

Summary ...........

Exercises ...........

4 ........... 102152

4.1 Digital Modulation Methods ...........

4.1.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) ...........

4.1.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ...........

4.1.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) ...........

4.2 Multilevel Modulation ...........

4.2.1 Gray Code ...........

4.2.2 4 PSK Modulator ...........

4.2.3 4 PSK Demodulator ...........

4.3 Differential Psk ...........

4.3.1 Differential BPSK ...........

4.3.2 Differential 4 PSK ...........

4.3.3 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) ...........

4.4 Modem ...........

4.4.1 Types of Modems ...........

4.4.2 Scrambler and Descrambler ...........

4.4.3 Block Schematic of a Modem ...........

4.4.4 Additional Modem Features ...........

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