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Friedman Ellen - Introduction to Apache Flink

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Friedman Ellen Introduction to Apache Flink

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Authors Ellen Friedman and Kostas Tzoumas show technical and nontechnical readers alike how Flink is engineered to overcome significant tradeoffs that have limited the effectiveness of other approaches to stream processing. Youll also learn how Flink has the ability to handle both stream and batch data processing with one technology.

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Introduction to Apache Flink

Stream Processing for Real Time and Beyond

Ellen Friedman and Kostas Tzoumas

Introduction to Apache Flink

by Ellen Friedman and Kostas Tzoumas

Copyright 2016 Ellen Friedman and Kostas Tzoumas. All rights reserved.

All images copyright Ellen Friedman unless otherwise noted. Figure 1-3 courtesy Michael Vasilyev / Alamy Stock Photo.

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by OReilly Media, Inc. , 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .

  • Editor: Shannon Cutt
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  • September 2016: First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition
  • 2016-09-01: First Release
  • 2016-10-20: Second Release

The OReilly logo is a registered trademark of OReilly Media, Inc. Introduction to Apache Flink, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.

While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.

978-1-491-97658-6

[LSI]

Preface

Theres a flood of interest in learning how to analyze streaming data in large-scale systems, partly because there are situations in which the time-value of data makes real-time analytics so attractive. But gathering in-the-moment insights made possible by very low-latency applications is just one of the benefits of high-performance stream processing.

In this book, we offer an introduction to Apache Flink, a highly innovative open source stream processor with a surprising range of capabilities that help you take advantage of stream-based approaches. Flink not only enables fault-tolerant, truly real-time analytics, it can also analyze historical data and greatly simplify your data pipeline. Perhaps most surprising is that Flink lets you do streaming analytics as well as batch jobs, both with one technology. Flinks expressivity and robust performance make it easy to develop applications, and Flinks architecture makes those easy to maintain in production.

Not only do we explain what Flink can do, we also describe how people are using it, including in production. Flink has an active and rapidly growing open international community of developers and users. The first Flink-only conference, called Flink Forward, was held in Berlin in October 2015, the second is scheduled for September 2016, and there are Apache Flink meetups around the world, with new use cases being widely reported.

How to Use This Book

This book will be useful for both nontechnical and technical readers. No specialized skills or previous experience with stream processing are necessary to understand the explanations of underlying concepts of Flinks designs and capabilities, although a general familiarity with big data systems is helpful. To be able to use sample code or the tutorials referenced in the book, experience with Java or Scala is needed, but the key concepts underlying these examples are explained clearly in this book even without needing to understand the code itself.

Chapters provide a deeper, technical explanation of Flinks capabilities.

Conventions Used in This Book

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Chapter 1. Why Apache Flink?
Our best understanding comes when our conclusions fit evidence, and that is most effectively done when our analyses fit the way life happens.

Many of the systems we need to understand cars in motion emitting GPS signals, financial transactions, interchange of signals between cell phone towers and people busy with their smartphones, web traffic, machine logs, measurements from industrial sensors and wearable devices all proceed as a continuous flow of events. If you have the ability to efficiently analyze streaming data at large scale, youre in a much better position to understand these systems and to do so in a timely manner. In short, streaming data is a better fit for the way we live.

Its natural, therefore, to want to collect data as a stream of events and to process data as a stream, but up until now, that has not been the standard approach. Streaming isnt entirely new, but it has been considered as a specialized and often challenging approach. Instead, enterprise data infrastructure has usually assumed that data is organized as finite sets with beginnings and ends that at some point become complete. Its been done this way largely because this assumption makes it easier to build systems that store and process data, but it is in many ways a forced fit to the way life happens.

So there is an appeal to processing data as streams, but thats been difficult to do well, and the challenges of doing so are even greater now as people have begun to work with data at very large scale across a wide variety of sectors. Its a matter of physics that with large-scale distributed systems, exact consistency and certain knowledge of the order of events are necessarily limited. But as our methods and technologies evolve, we can strive to make these limitations innocuous in so far as they affect our business and operational goals.

Thats where Apache Flink comes in. Built as open source software by an open community, Flink provides stream processing for large-volume data, and it also lets you handle batch analytics, with one technology.

Its been engineered to overcome certain tradeoffs that have limited the effectiveness or ease-of-use of other approaches to processing streaming data.

In this book, well investigate potential advantages of working well with data streams so that you can see if a stream-based approach is a good fit for your particular business goals. Some of the sources of streaming data and some of the situations that make this approach useful may surprise you. In addition, the will book help you understand Flinks technology and how it tackles the challenges of stream processing.

In this chapter, we explore what people want to achieve by analyzing streaming data and some of the challenges of doing so at large scale. We also introduce you to Flink and take a first look at how people are using it, including in production.

Consequences of Not Doing Streaming Well

Who needs to work with streaming data? Some of the first examples that come to mind are people working with sensor measurements or financial transactions, and those are certainly situations where stream processing is useful. But there are much more widespread sources of streaming data: clickstream data that reflects user behavior on websites and machine logs for your own data center are two familiar examples. In fact, streaming data sources are essentially ubiquitous its just that there has generally been a disconnect between data from continuous events and the consumption of that data in batch-style computation. Thats now changing with the development of new technologies to handle large-scale streaming data.

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