Joao Purificacao - Java EE 8 Design Patterns and Best Practices
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- Book:Java EE 8 Design Patterns and Best Practices
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Java EE 8 Design Patterns and Best Practices: summary, description and annotation
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Get the deep insights you need to master efficient architectural design considerations and solve common design problems in your enterprise applications.
Key Features- The benefits and applicability of using different design patterns in JAVA EE
- Learn best practices to solve common design and architectural challenges
- Choose the right patterns to improve the efficiency of your programs
Patterns are essential design tools for Java developers. Java EE Design Patterns and Best Practices helps developers attain better code quality and progress to higher levels of architectural creativity by examining the purpose of each available pattern and demonstrating its implementation with various code examples. This book will take you through a number of patterns and their Java EE-specific implementations.
In the beginning, you will learn the foundation for, and importance of, design patterns in Java EE, and then will move on to implement various patterns on the presentation tier, business tier, and integration tier. Further, you will explore the patterns involved in Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) and take a closer look at reactive patterns. Moving on, you will be introduced to modern architectural patterns involved in composing microservices and cloud-native applications. You will get acquainted with security patterns and operational patterns involved in scaling and monitoring, along with some patterns involved in deployment.
By the end of the book, you will be able to efficiently address common problems faced when developing applications and will be comfortable working on scalable and maintainable projects of any size.
What you will learn- Implement presentation layers, such as the front controller pattern
- Understand the business tier and implement the business delegate pattern
- Master the implementation of AOP
- Get involved with asynchronous EJB methods and REST services
- Involve key patterns in the adoption of microservices architecture
- Manage performance and scalability for enterprise-level applications
Java developers who are comfortable with programming in Java and now want to learn how to implement design patterns to create robust, reusable and easily maintainable apps.
Downloading the example code for this book You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your account at http://www.PacktPub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.PacktPub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
Joao Purificacao: author's other books
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There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.
CodeInText: Indicates c ode words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: " It is also important to bear in mind that the @Electronic qualifier identifies the decorated object. "
A block of code is set as follows:
public interface Engineering {List getDisciplines ();
}
public class BasicEngineering implements Engineering {
@Override
public List getDisciplines() {
return Arrays.asList("d7", "d3");
}
}
@Electronic
public class ElectronicEngineering extends BasicEngineering {
...
}
@Mechanical
public class MechanicalEngineering extends BasicEngineering {
...
}
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
@Loggable@Interceptor
public class LoggedInterceptor implements Serializable {
@AroundInvoke
public Object logMethod (InvocationContext invocationContext) throws
Exception{
System.out.println("Entering method : "
+ invocationContext.getMethod().getName() + " "
+ invocationContext.getMethod().getDeclaringClass()
);
return invocationContext.proceed();
}
}
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
creating bean.intercepting post construct of bean.
post construct of bean
Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or w ords that you see onscreen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "After the user logs in, when they access Application 1, Application 2, or Application 3, they will not need to log in again. "
An event in CDI and an asynchronous EJB method have the similar characteristic of making a nonblocking call to a task. Furthermore, the client can cancel and monitor the invocation of an asynchronous process. However, an asynchronous EJB method and an event in CDI don't share all the same characteristics. The principal difference between them is that the asynchronous EJB method works on a one-to-one basis between the caller and the called. This is because when this method is invoked, it will only process the task and the client knows what the method is that will be processed. On the event in CDI, the relationship between the caller and the called is one-to-many. This is because the caller launches an event, and one or more observers can react to this. Another difference between the asynchronous EJB method and an event in CDI is that, in CDI, the event works with the observer pattern and makes it possible to apply a callback method to be executed at another time. The a synchronous EJB method doesn't work with the observer pattern and doesn't have the ability to apply a callback method.
The Transaction class is responsible for controlling the transaction lifecycle and defining the transaction delimit:
package com.packt.javaee8.domainstore ;import javax.annotation. PostConstruct ;
public class Transaction {
private boolean opened ;
@PostConstruct
public void init (){
this . opened = false;
}
public void commit () throws Exception {
if ( ! opened ) throw new Exception( "Transaction is not opened" ) ;
opened = false;
}
public void rollback () throws Exception {
if ( ! opened ) throw new Exception( "Transaction is not opened" ) ;
opened = false;
}
public void begin () throws Exception {
if ( opened ) throw new Exception( "Transaction already is opened" ) ;
opened = true;
}
public boolean isOpened (){
return opened ;
}
}
In the preceding code block, we have the Transaction class, which is responsible for controlling the transaction lifecycle and defining the transaction delimit. This class has the init() method , annotated with @PostConstruct , which configures this method to be called after the constructor is executed. Furthermore, this class has the commit method, which is used when the user needs to confirm the transaction; the rollback method, used to undo all transactions; the begin method, used to open a transaction; and the isOpened method, which is used to verify whether a transaction is open or not.
The transaction is closed if the begin method was not called or if the commit or rollback methods were called and a new call to the begin method was not made.
Whenever the conceptual model involves a greater complexity, we use the business-object pattern. This high complexity may be because the BO uses a combination of other objects and has complex business logic, such as validation rules. So, separating this business logic from the rest of the application is required (data persistence would be an example of this).
Not implementing this pattern can lead to problems, such as reducing code reusability. As a consequence of this, there are several possible solutions that make code maintenance time-consuming, as it would lose the uniformity that comes with using design patterns.
To implement the CDI interceptor, we need to create a qualifier to be used to configure a class or method to be intercepted. In the following code block, we have a qualifier, called Authentication, with a parameter, called roles, and these are used to declare the roles that are permitted to access a resource:
import javax.enterprise.util. Nonbinding ;import javax.interceptor. InterceptorBinding ;
import java.lang.annotation.* ;
@Inherited
@InterceptorBinding
@Retention (RetentionPolicy. RUNTIME )
@Target ({ElementType. METHOD , ElementType. TYPE })
public @ interface Authentication {
@Nonbinding String[] roles () default {} ;
}
In the following code block, we have the AuthenticationInteceptor class, which is used as an interceptor. This class is annotated with the @Authentication annotation, indicating that this class will intercept all calls to methods annotated with @Authentication and will process the method annotated with @AroundInvoke:
import javax.inject. Inject ;import javax.interceptor. AroundInvoke ;
import javax.interceptor. Interceptor ;
import javax.interceptor.InvocationContext ;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest ;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse ;
import java.io.IOException ;
import java.io.Serializable ;
import java.util.Arrays ;
@Authentication
@Interceptor
public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements Serializable{
@Inject
private Auth auth ;
@AroundInvoke
public Object authentication (InvocationContext context) throws
IOException {
HttpServletRequest request = getHttpServletRequest( context ) ;
HttpServletResponse response = getHttpServletResponse( context ) ;
String[] credentials = AuthUtils. readBasicAuthHeader ( request ) ;
if (credentials. length < ){
prepareDialogBox( response ) ;
return null;
}
String login = credentials[AuthUtils. INDEX_LOGIN ] ;
String password = credentials[AuthUtils. INDEX_PASSWORD ] ;
Authentication authentication =
context.getMethod().getAnnotation( Authentication . class ) ;
if ( ! auth .isAuthenticated( login , password ) ){
prepareDialogBox( response ) ;
return null;
}
if ( Arrays. stream (authentication.roles()).noneMatch( role ->
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