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Nicholas Brown - Nmap7: From Beginner to Pro

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Nmap 7

From Beginner to Pro

Nicholas Brown

COPYRIGHT

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Publisher: Independently published

ISBN: 9781798727195

All characters and information in this publication, other than those clearly in the public domain, are fictitious and any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.

Copyright 2019 Nicholas Brown

Table of contents

Introduction

Computer networks have become popular. Every organization has a computer network. This network is used for communications between the organizations internal users as well as for communications between the organizations internal users and those external to the organization. This means that the organization data is at risk. Any loopholes within the network can be identified by malicious users and exploited. This will disadvantage the organization greatly. This is why network administrators should scan such networks to identify any security loopholes within them and take the necessary action before it is late. Nmap is a great tool for network scanning. It can help one identify any security vulnerabilities associated with networks and hosts. This Book guides you on how to use Nmap. Enjoy reading!

Chapter 1- NMAP Fundamentals
What is Nmap?

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free network discovery tool available in the market. It has become a popular tool for network administrators who need to map out their networks and run extensive network discoveries. With Nmap, a network administrator can be used to scan for live hosts in a network as well as open ports and operating systems.

Nmap is centered on a command line similar to the one provided by Windows but it also a graphical user interface for the most experienced users. To use Nmap, the user enters commands and runs scripts through a text-driven interface. The users can navigate through routers, firewalls, IP filters as well as other systems. Nmap was first designed and developed for enterprise-scale networks and it is capable of scanning thousands of interconnected devices.

Some of the common uses of Nmap include port scanning, OS detection, version detection and ping sweeps. Nmap uses IP packets to identify the hosts available in a network as well as the services and operating system running on them. Nmap can be used in various operating systems include Free BSD, Gentoo and Linux. The tool also has an extensive user support.

Installing Nmap

Nmap is available on the https://Nmap.org/download.html directory. One should download the right version based on the operating system they are using. The installation steps for Nmap are also different for the different operating systems. For the case of Windows, you have to download the .exe file with the Nmap tool then double click it so as to begin executing it. You will first be asked to agree to the licensing terms:

Next you will be asked to choose the features which should be installed It is - photo 1

Next, you will be asked to choose the features which should be installed. It is good for you to leave it at the default setting then you click on Next:

In the next window choose the directory in which you want to install the Nmap - photo 2

In the next window, choose the directory in which you want to install the Nmap then

Click Install The installation process will begin right away Note that the - photo 3

Click Install. The installation process will begin right away.

Note that the Nmap for Windows is not as efficient as the Nmap for Linux. Let us demonstrate how the Nmap can be installed and updated on the earlier versions of Kali Linux.

Before performing the update, first ensure that you have all the repositories in place. The following command can help you verify this:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list

The official repositories for Kali Linux 2.0 include the following:

deb http://http.kali.org/kali sana main non-free contrib

deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security sana/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali sana main non-free contrib

deb-src http://security.kali.org/kali-security sana/updates main contrib non-free

The repositories for the older versions include the following:

deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali main non-free contrib

deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali main non-free contrib

deb-src http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

If you dont have the above, then you can copy them and add them to the file sources.list which can be found in the /etc/apt/ directory. You can then update the package database for the OS by running the following command:

apt-get update

The update will take some minutes which will be determined by the number of updates to be done and the speed of your internet connection. Once the update is completed, you will be ready to install a newer version.

You only have to install the Nmap again. Using apt-get ill update the version you have to the latest version:

apt-get install Nmap

After the installation completes, verify the version that you have by using the V option as shown below:

Nmap V

Now that you have updated the Nmap package, you can go ahead and update the zeNmap package. To do this, launch the terminal then run the following command:

apt-get install zeNmap

Running a Ping Scan

During network administration, one of the basic tasks is to identify the hosts that are available or live in a network. With Nmap, we can achieve this by running a ping scan. With a ping scan, one can tell whether an IP address is online or not. It can be used as a host discovery method. Ping scans are used for detection of hosts that are within a network.

If you need to run an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) scan, execute the following command. Note that after installing Nmap on your system, the terminal of your operating system will be able to recognize the Nmap command.

Nmap -sP 192.168.0.1/24

The command will return all hosts that responded to your ping requests together with the total number of IP addresses. Here is an example output from this command:

You should note that the search does not send any packets to above listed - photo 4

You should note that the search does not send any packets to above listed hosts. However, Nmap runs a reverse-DNS resolution on listed hosts so as to identify their names.

Chapter 2- Port Scanning Techniques

There are different Nmap techniques that you can use for port scanning. Here are the main techniques for this:

  • sS TCP SYN scan
  • sU UDP scans
  • sT TCP connect scan
  • sN TCP NULL
  • sY SCTP INIT scan

Most new users like solving problems using SYN scans. However, as you become more experience with using Nmap, you will begin to use the other techniques as well. Note that you are only allowed to use a single port scanning method at a time. However, you are allowed to combine an SCTP and TCP scan.

TCP SYN Scan

This is a very quick way of scanning your ports on a network using Nmap. If the network is not protected by a firewall, you will be able to scan thousands of ports within a second. It is done as follows:

sS TCP SYN Scan

This type of scan does not complete connections with the network which can draw attention to your activity, which makes it a good technique for privacy. This type of scan works by sending a SYN packet and then waiting for response. If it gets an acknowledgement , this is treated as an open port while no response is treated as a filtered port. Non-listening ports are identified using a reset or RST.

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