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Alan Harris - Sinatra: Up and Running

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Take advantage of Sinatra, the Ruby-based web application library and domain-specific language used by GitHub, LinkedIn, Engine Yard, and other prominent organizations. With this concise book, you will quickly gain working knowledge of Sinatra and its minimalist approach to building both standalone and modular web applications.Sinatra serves as a lightweight wrapper around Rack middleware, with syntax that maps closely to functions exposed by HTTP verbs, which makes it ideal for web services and APIs. If you have experience building applications with Ruby, youll quickly learn language fundamentals and see under-the-hood techniques, with the help of several practical examples. Then youll get hands-on experience with Sinatra by building your own blog engine.Learn Sinatras core concepts, and get started by building a simple applicationCreate views, manage sessions, and work with Sinatra route definitionsBecome familiar with the languages internals, and take a closer look at RackUse different subclass methods for building flexible and robust architecturesPut Sinatra to work: build a blog that takes advantage of service hooks provided by the GitHub API

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Sinatra: Up and Running
Alan Harris
Konstantin Haase
Editor
Simon St. Laurent
Editor
Mike Hendrickson

Copyright 2011 Alan Harris

OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the OReilly logo are registered trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc. Sinatra: Up and Running , the image of a whip-poor-will, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and OReilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

OReilly Media Preface When people speak of Ruby web development it has - photo 1

O'Reilly Media

Preface

When people speak of Ruby web development, it has historically been in reference to the opinionated juggernaut that is Rails. This is certainly not an unfounded association; Hulu, Yellow Pages, Twitter, and countless others have relied on Rails to power their (often massive) web presences, and Rails facilitates that process with zeal.

Why, then, are people so interested in Sinatra, the tiny little domain-specific language that could?

Rails was a breath of fresh air to many developers exhausted by the old ways ; Sinatra enters the arena with a similar game-changer: a beautifully minimalistic, Ill get out of your way approach. No generators, no complex folder hierarchies, and a brief yet expressive syntax that maps closely to the functionality exposed by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol verbs.

In short, Sinatra is for classy web development.

Our goal is to provide the core concepts and accompanying examples to help you feel comfortable using Sinatra as quickly as possible. By the end, you should have a working knowledge of Sinatra and how it fits into the larger Ruby web development ecosystem. You should know when Sinatra will get the job done quickly and when it might be better to lean on Rails, Padrino, or similar frameworks. You should also have a better sense of the internals of Sinatra, as well as the Rack specification and accompanying gem.

Note

No worries, we wont short-change you on the reference aspects; you can certainly return to this book to recall how to perform daily tasks without excessive searching.

With that said, lets get you up and running.

Who This Book Is For

Sinatra: Up and Running is for developers with some Ruby experience under their belt, and ideally some web development experience as well. Some concepts that are core to web development (the HTTP specification, HTML, CSS, etc.) are critical to understanding how to be productive with Sinatra; we recommend that you have at least a passing familiarity with these concepts to make the experience a little easier.

If youve written some web applications before but not specifically in Ruby, thats no problem. Our discussion of other tools is primarily limited to comparing and contrasting with how Sinatra does things.

Our plan is to try to address the needs of several distinct camps of readers: those with a Ruby web development background in Rails but no experience with Sinatra, as well those who are familiar with Sinatra but would like a tour of its internals and philosophy. Where possible, wed also like to help bring developers without direct web experience into the fold. Pretty tricky if you think about it, but well do our best to speak to all the seats in the house by the conclusion.

Given these stated goals, weve divided the materials into three sections. The beginning of the book focuses on the bare minimum you need to know to work with Sinatra. Here youll find the fundamentals, such as how to craft routes, manage sessions, create views, and so on. Immediately afterward, we will lift the veil and examine some of the techniques behind the scenes, which will open up a world of possibilities for implementation and integration. Finally, we will wrap up the discussion with some practical applications, including developing a GitHub-powered blog.

Note

Weve also tried to inject as much related information as possible for the various topics covered within, ranging from gotchas to other resources where one could explore subtopics in greater depth.

One aside: if you encounter a section explaining information youre already well-versed in, please bear with us as other readers may benefit from the discussion. We strive to keep the pace brisk, but wed prefer not to leave any folks out.

How This Book Is Organized

Sinatra: Up and Running is organized as follows.

The Basics

, Taking the Stage , serves as a high-level introduction to some of the core concepts in Sinatra. It also discusses how to install the Sinatra gem, and walks through the creation of a simple application.

, Fundamentals , covers the different features of Sinatra, such as route definitions, creating views, managing sessions, and so on. It also serves as something of a reference chapter, with each topic discussed in granular fashion.

Note

If youve already built some Sinatra applications of your own and are fairly comfortable doing so, you can likely just skim through Chapters 1 and 2, although the newest release of Sinatra (version 1.3.1) contains a number of changes that are worth exploring (including support for the HTTP PATCH verb, streaming, etc.).

Digging Deeper

In , A Peek Behind the Curtain , we discuss the internals of Sinatra and its implementation; this includes coverage of Rack, building middleware, and other topics that clarify what really happens under the hood.

, Modular Applications , covers the various approaches available for subclassing Sinatra, allowing you to create significantly more flexible and robust architectures.

Note

If youve built some Sinatra applications but have never really explored the source code (or written Rack applications directly), this section will help to flesh out your knowledge. Understanding the modular application approach is critical to taking full advantage of what Sinatra offers.

Hands On

In , Your Own Blog Engine , we put the theory into application and create a Markdown-powered blog that takes advantage of the service hooks provided by the GitHub API.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.

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