Melanie Swan - Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy

1 Kayne, R. What Is BitTorrent? wiseGEEK, December 25, 2014. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bittorrent.htm#didyouknowout.

2 Beal, V. Public-key encryption. Webopedia. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/public_key_cryptography.html.

3 Hof, R. Seven Months After FDA Slapdown, 23andMe Returns with New Health Report Submission. Forbes, June 20, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthof/2014/06/20/seven-months-after-fda-slapdown-23andme-returns-with-new-health-report-submission/.

4 Knight, H. and B. Evangelista. S.F., L.A. Threaten Uber, Lyft, Sidecar with Legal Action. SFGATE, September 25, 2041. http://m.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-L-A-threaten-Uber-Lyft-Sidecar-with-5781328.php.

5 Although it is not strictly impossible for two files to have the same hash, the number of 64-character hashes is vastly greater than the number of files that humanity can foreseeably create. This is similar to the cryptographic standard that even though a scheme could be cracked, the calculation would take longer than the history of the universe.

6 Nakamoto, S. Bitcoin v0.1 Released. The Mail Archive, January 9, 2009. http://www.mail-archive.com/cryptography@metzdowd.com/msg10142.html.

7 . Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. (publishing data unavailable) https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.

8 Extended from: Sigal, M. You Say You Want a Revolution? Its Called Post-PC Computing. Radar (OReilly), October 24, 2011. http://radar.oreilly.com/2011/10/post-pc-revolution.html.

9 Gartner. Gartner Says the Internet of Things Installed Base Will Grow to 26 Billion Units By 2020. Gartner Press Release, December 12, 2013. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2636073.

10 Omohundro, S. Cryptocurrencies, Smart Contracts, and Artificial Intelligence. Submitted to AI Matters (Association for Computing Machinery), October 22, 2014. http://steveomohundro.com/2014/10/22/cryptocurrencies-smart-contracts-and-artificial-intelligence/.

11 Dawson, R. The New Layer of the Economy Enabled by M2M Payments in the Internet of Things. Trends in the Living Networks, September 16, 2014. http://rossdawsonblog.com/weblog/archives/2014/09/new-layer-economy-enabled-m2m-payments-internet-things.html.

12 Petschow, K. Cisco Visual Networking Index Predicts Annual Internet Traffic to Grow More Than 20 Percent (Reaching 1.6 Zettabytes) by 2018. Cisco Press Release, 2014. http://newsroom.cisco.com/release/1426270.

13 Andreessen, M. Why Bitcoin Matters. The New York Times, January 21, 2014. http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/why-bitcoin-matters/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.

14 Lamport, L., R. Shostack, and M. Pease. (1982). The Byzantine Generals Problem. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 4, no. 3: 382401; Philipp (handle). (2014). Bitcoin and the Byzantine Generals ProblemA Crusade Is Needed? A Revolution? Financial Cryptography. http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001522.html; Vaurum (handle name). (2014). A Mathematical Model for Bitcoin. (blog post). http://blog.vaurum.com/a-mathematical-model-for-bitcoin/.

15 Cipher (handle name). The Current State of Coin-Mixing Services. Depp.Dot.Web, May 25, 2014. http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/05/25/current-state-coin-mixing-services/.

16 Rizzo, P. Coinify Raises Millions to Build Europes Complete Bitcoin Solution. CoinDesk, September 26, 2014. http://www.coindesk.com/coinify-raises-millions-build-europes-complete-bitcoin-solution/.

17 Patterson, J. Intuit Adds BitPay to PayByCoin. Bitpay Blog, November 11, 2014. http://blog.bitpay.com/2014/11/11/intuit-adds-bitpay-to-paybycoin.html.

18 Hajdarbegovic, N. Deloitte: Media Distracting from Bitcoins Disruptive Potential. CoinDesk, June 30, 2014. http://www.coindesk.com/deloitte-media-distracting-bitcoins-disruptive-potential/; Anonymous. Remittances: Over the Sea and Far Away. The Economist, May 19, 2012. http://www.economist.com/node/21554740.

19 Levine, A.B. and A.M. Antonopoulos. Lets Talk Bitcoin! #149: Price and Popularity. Lets Talk Bitcoin podcast, September 30, 2014. http://letstalkbitcoin.com/blog/post/lets-talk-bitcoin-149-price-and-popularity.

20 Kitco News. 2013: Year of the Bitcoin. Forbes, December 10, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kitconews/2013/12/10/2013-year-of-the-bitcoin/.

21 Gough, N. Bitcoin Value Sinks After Chinese Exchange Move. The New York Times, December 18, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/business/international/china-bitcoin-exchange-ends-renminbi-deposits.html?_r=0.

22 Hajdarbegovic, N. Yuan Trades Now Make Up Over 70% of Bitcoin Volume. CoinDesk, September 5, 2014. http://www.coindesk.com/yuan-trades-now-make-70-bitcoin-volume/.

23 Vigna, P. CNET Founder Readies Bitreserve Launch in Bid to Quell Bitcoin Volatility. The Wall Street Journal, October 22, 2014. http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/10/22/cnet-founder-readies-bitreserve-launch-in-bid-to-quell-bitcoin-volatility/.

24 Casey, M.J. Dollar-Backed Digital Currency Aims to Fix Bitcoins Volatility Dilemma. The Wall Street Journal, July 8, 2014. http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/07/08/dollar-backed-digital-currency-aims-to-fix-bitcoins-volatility-dilemma/.

25 Rizzo, P. Coinapult Launches LOCKS, Aiming to Eliminate Bitcoin Price Volatility. CoinDesk, July 29, 2014. http://www.coindesk.com/coinapult-launches-locks-tool-eliminate-bitcoin-price-volatility/.

26 Yang, S. China Bans Financial Companies from Bitcoin Transactions. Bloomberg, December 5, 2013. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-05/china-s-pboc-bans-financial-companies-from-bitcoin-transactions.html.

27 Orsini, L. A Year in Bitcoin: Why Well Still Care About the Cryptocurrency Even If It Fades. ReadWrite, December 30, 2013. http://readwrite.com/2013/12/30/bitcoin-may-fade-2014-prediction.

28 Bitcoin Embassy. Andreas M. Antonopoulos Educates Senate of Canada About Bitcoin. YouTube, October 8, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUNGFZDO8mM.

29 Robertson, M. and R. Bramanathan. ATO Ruling Disappointing for Bitcoin in Australia. Lexology, August 21, 2014. http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=aee6a563-ab32-442d-8575-67a940527882.

30 Hern, A. Bitcoin Is Legally Property, Says US IRS. Does That Kill It as a Currency? The Guardian, March 31, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/31/bitcoin-legally-property-irs-currency. See also:http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-14-21.pdf.

31 U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2014). Virtual Currencies: Emerging Regulatory, Law Enforcement, and Consumer Protection Challenges. GAO-14-496. Published: May 29, 2014. Publicly released: June 26, 2014. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-14-496. Pages 1220 explain how each of the relevant federal agencies (FinCEN, banking regulators, CFPB, SEC, CFTC, and DOJ) conduct supervision of Bitcoin or virtual currency or related enforcement. See also: Virtual Economies and Currencies: Additional IRS Guidance Could Reduce Tax Compliance Risks. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-516.

32 Nakamoto, S. Re: Transactions and Scripts: DUP HASH160 ... EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG. Bitcointalk, June 17, 2010. https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=195.msg1611#msg1611.

33 Swanson, T. Blockchain 2.0Let a Thousand Chains Blossom. Lets Talk Bitcoin!, April 8, 2014. http://letstalkbitcoin.com/blockchain-2-0-let-a-thousand-chains-blossom/.

34 The Mega-Master Blockchain List, posted March 11, 2014, Ledra Capital,