C# For Beginners Crash Course

C# For Beginners Crash Course Master C# Programming Fast and Easy Today By Raj Ali
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C# is an object oriented, type safe high level programming language. It has been developed by Microsoft during the development of the .NET framework.

C# was developed for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), this infrastructure was created to allow programs from various other high level languages to work together without the need to rewrite those programs entirely. The CLI contains a various executable programs referred simply as executables and are housed and ran in a system called the runtime environment. All the programs created in .Net framework execute in an environment that handles the runtime requirements. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides the virtual machine, which helps the programmers not to consider the CPU specifications. The class library and CLR make the .NET framework.

• It is simple, advanced, object oriented language
• It contains data types and classes common for all the .NET languages
• The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is similar to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• C# provides support for encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces
• Visual Studio provides support to VC++, Visual Basic, Vbscript, and Jscript
• .NET consists of class library and common execution engine
• Garbage collection, automatic memory management, interoperability are inbuilt in C#
• User can develop console, windows and web applications using C#

C# is a part of .NET framework.

It is used for creating .NET applications. Using .NET framework, user can design, deploy and develop the applications. Robust applications can be easily built using the simple programming model.

The .NET framework diagram containing several components is as shown: The .NET framework consists of the following components:

• Common Language Runtime
• .NET framework base class library
• Common Language Specification
• User and Program interfaces

Common Language Runtime (CLR) The core component of the .NET framework is the CLR. It is an environment where the programs are executed. The code in CLR is translated into Intermediate Language (IL).

This IL code is then used across different platforms. The IL code is converted into machine language by the Just in Time (JIT) compiler. The complier checks for the type safety. This ensures objects are accessed in a compatible way. .NET framework class library The class library works with any .NET languages like VB.NET, VC# and VC++.NET. The library provides classes used in the code for performing different programming tasks like data collection, string management, file access and connecting to the database.

Common Language Specification CLR contains set of common rules used by all the programming languages in .NET framework. They are known Common Language Specification (CLS). CLS helps an object to interact with objects or applications of other languages. User and Program Interfaces .NET framework provides three different types of user interfaces:-

• Windows Forms: They are windows based applications.
• Web Forms: They are used for creating web based applications.
• Console Applications: They are useful for creating console based applications which are executed by the command line.

C# Program consists of various parts. We shall explore all the components needed for a C# program.

Example 1:

using System ; namespace welcome public class WelcomeUser { static void Main ( string [] args ) { Console . Example 1: using System ; namespace welcome public class WelcomeUser { static void Main ( string [] args ) { Console . WriteLine ( "WelcomeUser" ); Console . Read (); } } The code consists of several parts. They are as mentioned below: Namespace declaration The namespace consists of collection of classes used in programming. Th e using keyword is used for adding the System namespace. The System class consists of classes and methods useful for the user. Class The class consists of data and method definitions used by the program. Class The class consists of data and method definitions used by the program. The class can have one or many methods. Every class must have a Main method, which is the first method run in the code. In the above code, WelcomeUser class is declared. Class Methods Methods in a class specify the behavior of the statement. In the above code, WriteLine method is used for writing the value in the console. It is defined in the Console class inside the System namespace. The Read method of the Console class is used for waiting till the user hits a key. Thus prevents the screen from closing too quickly. Comments Comments are text useful for providing additional information about the code. The compiler ignores any code that is placed inside a comment block. There are two types of comments; one comment is used for single line entries and the other for multi line entries. For example: Example 2:

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