Wallace - The American axis : Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich
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The American axis : Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich: summary, description and annotation
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Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh have long been exalted as two of the greatest American icons of the twentieth century. From award-winning journalist Max Wallace comes groundbreaking and astonishing revelations about the poisonous effect these two so-called American heroes had on Western democracy. In his wide ranging investigation, Wallace goes further than any other historian to expose how Ford and Lindbergh-acting in league with the Nazis-almost brought democratic Europe to the verge of extinction.
With unprecedented access to declassified FBI and military intelligence files, Wallace reveals how the close friendship and ideological bond between automotive pioneer Ford and aviator Lindbergh culminated in an abuse of power that helped strengthen Hitlers regime and undermined the Allied war effort. Wallace traces Henry Fords ties to Nazi Germany back as far as the 1920s, presenting compelling evidence of a financial paper trail proving that Ford subsidized the rise to power of Adolph Hitler, who described Ford as my inspiration. For the first time, the genesis of Fords notorious Anti-Semitism is uncovered: The American Axis proves that Fords private secretary and life-long confidante was a German spy, who channeled his employers Jew-baiting crusades to further the cause of the Third Reich.
Lindberghs own anti-Semitism and white-Supremacist views captured the attention of the Nazis, who soon manipulated him in their clandestine Fifth Column efforts. As the first unauthorized biographer to gain access to the Lindbergh archives, Wallace paints a substantially more chilling portrait of Lindberghs pre-war activities than any previous historian and produces new evidence that the Nazis secretly plotted to install Lindbergh as the leader of the movement to keep America out of World War Two.
The most controversial corporate investigation since IBM and the Holocaust, the book reveals that the Ford Motor Companys military and political complicity in the Third Reich war effort was considerably stronger than the company has acknowledged and that a US Army post-war investigation concluded that the company had become an arsenal of Nazism. Wallace disputes a recent internal investigation into the use of slave labor at Fords German plant during World War II - which company officials claimed as a vindication of its wartime activities - and reveals that corporate President Edsel Ford was about to be indicted by the US government for Trading With the Enemy at the time of his 1943 death.
The American Axis is not only a mesmerizing, cautionary tale, but a compelling historical expos.
With unprecedented access to declassified FBI and military intelligence files, Wallace reveals how the close friendship and ideological bond between automotive pioneer Ford and aviator Lindbergh culminated in an abuse of power that helped strengthen Hitlers regime and undermined the Allied war effort. Wallace traces Henry Fords ties to Nazi Germany back as far as the 1920s, presenting compelling evidence of a financial paper trail proving that Ford subsidized the rise to power of Adolph Hitler, who described Ford as my inspiration. For the first time, the genesis of Fords notorious Anti-Semitism is uncovered: The American Axis proves that Fords private secretary and life-long confidante was a German spy, who channeled his employers Jew-baiting crusades to further the cause of the Third Reich.
Lindberghs own anti-Semitism and white-Supremacist views captured the attention of the Nazis, who soon manipulated him in their clandestine Fifth Column efforts. As the first unauthorized biographer to gain access to the Lindbergh archives, Wallace paints a substantially more chilling portrait of Lindberghs pre-war activities than any previous historian and produces new evidence that the Nazis secretly plotted to install Lindbergh as the leader of the movement to keep America out of World War Two.
The most controversial corporate investigation since IBM and the Holocaust, the book reveals that the Ford Motor Companys military and political complicity in the Third Reich war effort was considerably stronger than the company has acknowledged and that a US Army post-war investigation concluded that the company had become an arsenal of Nazism. Wallace disputes a recent internal investigation into the use of slave labor at Fords German plant during World War II - which company officials claimed as a vindication of its wartime activities - and reveals that corporate President Edsel Ford was about to be indicted by the US government for Trading With the Enemy at the time of his 1943 death.
The American Axis is not only a mesmerizing, cautionary tale, but a compelling historical expos.
Wallace: author's other books
Who wrote The American axis : Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Lew Wallace
James P. Duffy
Henry A. Wallace
Fleming Candace
Ford Henry
Culver John C.
Behn Noel
Burgan Michael
Edgar Wallace
Charles Lindbergh
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TO THOSE WHO FOUGHT THE GOOD FIGHT
Heroes are created by popular demand, sometimes out of the scariest materials, or none at all.
GERALD WHITE JOHNSON
Table of Contents
T welve years had passed since Germany was compelled to sign the Treaty of Versailles when Annetta Antona arrived at 17 Brienner Strasse on the afternoon of December 28, 1931, to interview a rising politician named Adolf Hitler. Thirteen years of stewing in the bile of defeat. Thirteen years of Germanys pondering a suitable scapegoat for its capitulation in World War I and humiliation at the peace conference. Thirteen years of longing to reinvigorate Aryan pride.
A longtime Detroit News columnist, Antona was part of a team dispatched by the paper to tell the story of how the defeated nation was rebuilding itself. She was the author of a popular weekly column called Five Minutes With Men in the Public Eye, wherein she profiled notable figures from the world of politics, literature, and entertainment.
Detroit boasted a significant German immigrant population and the News frequently provided its readers with reports from their former homeland. The National Socialist German Workers Party had achieved great strides in the German Reichstag a year earlier, winning 107 out of 556 seats in the national election. That Hitlers message of nationalism and anti-Semitism was appealing to a growing audience was undeniable. Antona believed the man she referred to as the Bavarian Mussolini was destined to one day take power. Through a friend who enjoyed influence with the National Socialists, she had secured a five-minute interview with the party leader, although her friend warned that Hitler had a profound dislike for foreign journalists.
At the appointed time, the American columnist arrived at the small brick buildingan elegant Munich mansion, nicknamed Brown House, which the Party had recently acquired as its headquarters. Announcing herself to the hard-faced sentry posted at the door, she was ushered into a large office where her subject waited. Flanking a large desk were a pair of red flags bearing the menacing black swastika. But as Hitler welcomed her in, the Americans eyes immediately locked on a large portrait hung directly over his desk. It was an incongruous work to encounter in the capital of Bavaria, four thousand miles from home. The imposing oil-painted figure, dressed in a brown suit and gray vest, was immediately familiar to anybody from Detroitthe citys greatest industrialist, automobile pioneer Henry Ford.
Wasting no time, the reporter commenced her brief questioning of the radical nationalist politician she would later describe in print as the Pan-German Siegfried with a Charlie Chaplin moustache.
Hitler answered each of her questions about the partys political goals, outlining pedantically his vision of a new Reich. Finally, she concluded the interview with a question that the rest of the world would soon be asking: Why are you anti-Semitic?
Somebody has to be blamed for our troubles, came the immediate response. Judaism means the rule of gold. We Germans are land-minded, not money-minded.
The interview had already extended past the pre-arranged time limit and the journalist rose from her chair, apologizing for taking up so much of Hitlers time. But before she made her exit, she couldnt resist asking for an explanation of the portrait that had loomed over the entire interview.
The reason is simple, explained the future Fhrer. I regard Henry Ford as my inspiration.
Nine years later, Hitler ruled the Third Reich and had assembled the most powerful war machine in history. The German blitzkrieg was poised to topple France as it continued on its seemingly unstoppable drive toward Britain. It appeared that only American intervention could forestall a Nazi-dominated Europe. But one man was determined that the United States would not thwart Hitlers plans.
The countrys most celebrated hero was rallying the isolationist forces to keep America out of the European conflict and prevent military assistance to Britain, despite the desperate determination of President Franklin Roosevelt to supply aid to the beleaguered island nation. On May 19, 1940, Charles Lindbergh took to the airwaves and delivered a national radio address urging America not to interfere with the internal affairs of Europe.
The next day, President Roosevelt was having lunch with U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau at the White House. Midway through the meal, the President put down his fork, turned to his most trusted Cabinet official and declared, If I should die tomorrow, I want you to know this. I am absolutely convinced that Lindbergh is a Nazi.
CHRONICLER OF THE NEGLECTED TRUTH
When Henry Ford introduced the revolutionary five-dollar day for his workers in 1914, it transformed American industry forever and made him an overnight hero. Here, thousands of job seekers line up outside the Ford factory the day after Fords announcement.
T he process that brought Henry Fords portrait to a prominent position behind Hitlers desk began during the summer of 1919, when Ford made the first public sortie in a hate-filled but distinctively American campaign that was to dominate his attention for the next eight years. In July, he announced to the New York World that International financiers are behind all war they are what is called the international Jew: German Jews, French Jews, English Jews, American Jews the Jew is a threat.
From any other figure, the interview might have been dismissed as the ravings of a crackpot. But these words were uttered by the man who was arguably Americas most respected and celebrated figurea man whose achievements had already permanently altered the nations economic and industrial landscape. This was the first signal that he was about to have a profound impact on Americas social character as well.
By 1919, Henry Ford had already secured his place as historys most important automobile pioneer. He had not invented the car or the assembly line, as many believed, but he had revolutionized both, radically changing the countrys transportation habits with the introduction of the Model Tthe nations first affordable car. After proclaiming in 1908 that he would build a motorcar for the great multitude, Ford had by 1913 turned out more than a quarter million units of the car Americans affectionately referred to as the Tin Lizzie. According to economist Fred Thompson, Fords car was the chief instrument of one of historys greatest changes in the lives of the common people. Farmers were no longer isolated on remote farms. The horse disappeared so rapidly that the transfer of acreage from hay to other crops caused an agricultural revolution. The automobile became the main prop of the American economy. His next innovation, however, was destined forever to put an end to this anonymity.
At the beginning of 1914, the Ford Motor Company found itself in trouble. Two factors in particular were worrying the board of directors. Because of low wages and poor working conditions, it had become increasingly difficult to retain employees. Turnover approached 380 percent, and at one point it was necessary to hire nearly one thousand workers to keep one hundred on the payroll. More worrisome still was a campaign begun the year before by the nations largest industrial union, the IWW, targeting Ford for unionization and encouraging the workers to stage a slowdown. Union pamphlets featuring such ditties as The hours are long, the pay is small, so take your time and buck em all, had shareholders terrified for their profits.
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