John William Crowley - The Mask of fiction: essays on W.D. Howells
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Howells, William Dean,--1837-1920, Novelists, American--19th century--Biography, Didactic fiction, American--History and criticism, Realism in literature.
publication date
:
1989
lcc
:
PS2033.M18 1989eb
ddc
:
818/.409
subject
:
Howells, William Dean,--1837-1920, Novelists, American--19th century--Biography, Didactic fiction, American--History and criticism, Realism in literature.
Page iii
The Mask of Fiction
Essays On W. D. Howells
John W. Crowley
Page iv
Copyright 1989 by The University of Massachusetts Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
LC 8839866
ISBN-0-87023-674-1
Designed by Barbara Werden
Set in Linotron New Century Schoolbook at Keystone Typesetting Printed by Thomson-Shore and bound by John Dekker & Sons
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Mask of fiction : essays on W.D. Howells / John W. Crowley. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-87023-674-1 (alk. paper) 1. Howells, William Dean, 18371920. 2. Novelists, American19th centuryBiography. I. Crowley, John William, 1945 PS2033.M18 1989 818'.409dc19 [B] 88-39866 CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data are available.
Page v
For Susan, Raphael, and Mary
Page vii
CONTENTS
Preface
ix
Note on Abbreviations
xiii
Introduction
1
Part I
Howells's Obscure Hurt
17
Howells: The Ever-Womanly
35
Howells, Stoddard, and Male Homosocial Attachment
56
Winifred Howells and the Economy of Pain
83
Part II
The Length of the Shadow of a Dream
117
From Psychologism to Psychic Romance
133
Page viii
Childhood Sexuality in The Flight of Pony Baker
156
Oedipal Complexities: The Son of Royal Langbrith and Fennel and Rue
172
Father and Son: New Leaf Mills
193
Notes
215
Index
259
Page ix
PREFACE
"No man, unless he puts on the mask of fiction, can show his real face or the will behind it. For this reason the only real biographies are the novels, and every novel if it is honest will be the autobiography of the author and biography of the reader." Years of My Youth (1916)
For nearly twenty years I have been writing about W. D. Howells; to some extent his novels have become my professional biography in my readings of them as Howells's autobiography. Although these essays were written one by one and although each of them can stand alone, this collection centers on two recurrent and unifying concerns. Part I, which is the more heavily biographical, relates Howells to issues of gender; Part II traces the development in Howells's late fiction of what I call, by analogy to Freud, his "self-analysis."
Over the years, I have incurred debts to many other scholars, most of whom have shared my abiding interest in Howells. Of these I must single out George Arms for special thanks; from my first Howellsian essay on The Shadow of a Dream to my most
Page x
recent one on New Leaf Mills, he has been a source of unstinting help and encouragement.
For permission to quote from unpublished material, I am grateful to William White Howells for the Heirs of W. D. Howells, the Houghton Library, Harvard University, the Herrick Memorial Library, Alfred University, the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, the Bancroft Library, University of California, and the Avon County Library, Bristol, England. No republication is permitted without these same permissions.
The original publishers of these piecesonly the last has not appeared previouslyhave graciously allowed me to collect them here. (All of the essays have been revised, often extensively.) The Introduction draws some ideas from the first two essays listed below, which are detailed surveys of Howells criticism in the last two decades.
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