A JOURNEY TO THE WESTERN ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND
AND
THE JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
SAMUEL JOHNSON (170984) was born in Lichfield and educated at Lichfield Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford. A notable moral essayist, critic, poet and lexicographer, Johnsons powerful personality and his long career made him the dominating literary figure of the century. He met Boswell in 1763 and the latter became his devoted follower; ten years later, at the respective ages of sixty-three and thirty-two, they began their tour of Scotland. Johnsons account of his journey is a superb illustration of his wisdom, his prejudices and the range of his interests.
JAMES BOSWELL (174095) was born in Edinburgh and studied law at Edinburgh University and at Utrecht. At the insistence of his domineering father he practised as an advocate, but he was greatly interested in politics and writing. He travelled in Europe during 17656 and made the acquaintance of Voltaire and Rousseau, and developed an interest in Corsican affairs. His Account of Corsica (1768) and a less successful sequel (1769) brought him the fame he so desired. Boswell is best remembered for his masterly biography of Johnson and as Peter Levi states in the introduction, we probably owe the Life of Johnson as well as this slighter sketch to that surprising expedition of theirs so late in the season, between August and November, 1773.
PETER LEVI, classical scholar, archaeologist and poet, was born in 1931. He translated The Psalms and Pausanias Guide to Greece for Penguin Classics, as well as a collection of Yevtushenko (with R. Milner-Gulland) for the Penguin Modern Poets. He also edited The Penguin Book of English Christian Verse. He wrote more than sixty books, including The Light Garden of the Angel King, an account of his travels in Afghanistan; A Bottle in the Shade; The Penguin History of Greek Literature; and biographies of Alfred Lord Tennyson, John Milton and Edward Lear. Peter Levi was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford from 1984 to 1989. He died on 1 February 2000.
Samuel Johnson
A JOURNEY TO THE WESTERN ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND
James Boswell
THE JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO THE HEBRIDES
Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Peter Levi
Penguin Books
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Johnsons Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
first published in 1775
Boswells Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson LL.D.
first published in 1786
Published in Penguin Classics 1984
21
Introduction and notes copyright Peter Levi, 1984
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EISBN: 9780141904351
FOR
DEIRDRE
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The text printed here is from Johnsons first edition and Boswells third, but without Boswells appendices, which are of little interest except to compliment his Scottish friends. I have used the commentaries available: Chapmans edition of the two books together, the Yale Johnson and L. F. Powells revision of Birkbeck Hills Oxford Boswell, and as this last in particular is the repository of the research of generations, I am constantly indebted to it. I found John Wains Life of Johnson profoundly interesting and really helpful. I got a few thoughts from W. J. Bates Samuel Johnson also. I had recourse to guide-books of every kind and to various Ordnance Survey maps. Moray Maclarens guide was the best, but Tom Weir also has plenty to contribute. Of more general works, W. B. Blaikies Origins of the Forty-Five (Edinburgh, 1916), Ewen Maclauchlan on Ossianic poetry in the Celtic Magazine for 1880 and 1881, and H. G. GrahaMS Social Life of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century threw light on some problems. But the pleasantest part of my own brief research was reading old travel books, and travelling myself in Western Scotland. I am grateful for help to St Catherines, my Oxford college, to the library of Christ Church, to the Bodleian library, to the National Gallery of Scotland, the British Museum Department of Prints and Drawings, and the West Highland Museum at Fort William. Above all I am grateful to my wife for constant encouragement and help of every kind.
INTRODUCTION
The first thought that is likely to occur to a new reader of these two works is of Scotland, how empty and how beautiful it must have been in the eighteenth century, and how strange. The journey may be diverting but the vanished or withered world must have been magical. It is true that the most attractive and solitary parts of Scotland still await every explorer as they awaited old Samuel Johnson and young James Boswell. It is even true that the modern traveller may often exclaim sadly, How could they have missed Appin and Lismore? or What about this or that standing stone? or What a pity to miss Rhum and Invergarry, with the story of Iain the family bard who washed seven human heads in the water-spring. But the picture of Scotland that Johnson in particular uncovers is a very different matter. Easy tourists like ourselves may feel reproved by it. All the same, Johnson enjoyed his Scottish journey and Boswell exulted in it. The year was 1773; they were sixty-three and thirty-two years old. They had known each other for ten years, and this expedition was an old project. It matured almost too late, because the war of 1745 was the beginning of the end of ancient Scotland, and the processes of change in the Highlands were already gathering speed.
It was in 1773 that the first emigration ship from Fort William sailed away with 425 highlanders. In the following years, privateers and slave-ships or quasi-slave-ships worked the Hebrides. Seven were recorded in 1774 alone. The destruction of Scottish forests was already in spate, not only for ships timbers but for charcoal and to feed the furnaces of the big water-powered iron-works operated by southerners. Bonawe still stands as an example of the latter. The clan system was in decay. Edinburgh Calvinism had reached St Kilda. The whisky industry was still mostly illegal and its rough product mostly uncontrolled. Scotland was held down by a string of forts. We came too late, wrote Dr Johnson, to see what we expected.
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