Hedges Andrew H - The Joseph Smith Papers, 3 May

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of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Art direction: Richard Erickson.
Cover design: Scott Eggers. Interior design: Richard Erickson and Scott M. Mooy.
Typography: Alison Palmer.
E-book: Ben Ellis Godfrey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Smith, Joseph, 18051844.
Journals series / Dean C. Jessee, Mark Ashurst-McGee, Richard L. Jensen, volume editors. p. cm. (The Joseph Smith papers)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-57008-849-0 (hardbound: alk. paper; v. 1)
ISBN 978-1-60908-737-1 (hardbound: alk. paper; v. 2)
ISBN 978-1-62972-147-7 (hardbound: alk. paper; v. 3)
1. Smith, Joseph, 18051844Diaries. 2. Mormon ChurchPresidentsBiography.
3. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsPresidentsBiography. 4. Mormon Church HistorySources. 5. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsHistorySources.
I. Jessee, Dean C. II. Ashurst-McGee, Mark. III. Jensen, Richard L. IV. Title. V. Series.
BX8695.S6A3 2008 289.3092dc22 [B] 2008037101

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Biographical Directory

This register contains brief biographical sketches for most of the persons mentioned in this volume. These persons include church leaders, members of JSs family, people JS encountered on his travels, his acquaintances, and other figures from the earliest decades of the Latter-day Saint movement. Plural wives of JS are listed here; see also An Annotated List of Joseph Smiths Plural Wives on the Joseph Smith Papers website. The editors have not identified as plural wives of JS several women who have been listed by some scholars as plural wives; in these cases, the editors felt that evidence was too ambiguous and circumstantial to warrant even a provisional note in this directory. Plural wives of other men are not listed.

The biographical entries identify persons by complete name (correctly spelled), birth and death dates, and additional information, such as parentage and birth place, migra- tions and places of residence, dates of marriage and names of spouses, occupation and denominational affiliation, religious and civic positions, and place of death. Occupations listed in an entry may not be comprehensive. Key figures with major significance to JSs activities receive the fullest biographical sketches. Others receive much briefer descriptions, often with less data than is available. Because unverified and sometimes incorrect data has been recirculated for decades, professional genealogists on the staff of the Joseph Smith Papers Project have utilized original sources whenever possible.

Entries for women are generally listed under their final married names, with appropriate cross-references under maiden names or earlier married names. Partial names in the text are not included in this directory when research could not determine the full name. In some cases, a footnote in the text provides possible identifications. The index found in this volume can often lead the reader to helpful information.

Locations that are noted include city or town, county, and state, when identified, for the first mention of a locale in each sketch. The counties and states of a handful of well-known cities have been omitted. LDS church refers to the church established by JS in 1830 and later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RLDS church refers to the church known originally as the New Organization and subsequently as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (18602001) and the Community of Christ (2001 to the present).

Even the fullest entries in this directory provide, of necessity, only a bare skeleton of a persons life. Readers wishing to conduct further research may consult the documented biographical directory posted on the Joseph Smith Papers website, josephsmithpapers.org.

Adams, George Washington Joshua (7 Nov. 181011 May 1880), tailor, actor, clergyman. Born in Oxford, Sussex Co., New Jersey. Lived in Boston during 1820s and 1830s. Became Methodist lay preacher. Married Caroline. Moved to New York City, before 1840. Baptized into LDS church, Feb. 1840, in New York City. Ordained an elder by Parley P. Pratt, Mar. 1840, in New York City. Served mission to New York City, 1840. Served mission to England, 18411842. Ordained a high priest, 6 Apr. 1841, in Manchester, Lancashire, England. Continued missionary activities in Boston and elsewhere in Massachusetts, 1842. Visited JS, 7 Sept. 1842, at Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois. Returned to Boston, by Jan. 1843. Moved to Nauvoo, spring 1843. Appointed to serve mission to Russia, 1 June 1843; mission unfulfilled. Appointed to serve mission to raise funds for construction of Nauvoo temple, June 1843. Appointed to serve mission to Lee Co., Illinois, 3 July 1843, to disabuse public mind concerning JSs arrest. Returned to Nauvoo, spring 1844. Appointed to notify Quorum of the Twelve of murder of JS, 30 June 1844. Disfellowshipped and excommunicated, Apr. 1845. Appointed counselor to James J. Strang in Strangs Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 7 July 1849. Crowned John Strang Strangite king, 8 July 1850, at Beaver Island, Michilimackinac Co., Michigan. Excommunicated from Strangite movement, by 13 Oct. 1850. Became Campbellite preacher, late 1850s. Organized Church of the Messiah, Jan. 1861, in Springfield, Hampden Co., Massachusetts. Moved to Indian River, Washington Co., Maine, 1864. Led colony of followers from Maine to Jaffa, Palestine, Aug. 1865; colony failed. Moved to England, June 1868. Moved to Philadelphia, 1870. Died in Philadelphia.

Adams, James (24 Jan. 178311 Aug. 1843), lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 18111815. Married Harriet Denton, ca. 1809. Moved to Oswego Co., New York. Served in War of 1812. Served as brigadier general in Forty-Eighth Infantry Brigade, 18181820. Settled at Springfield, Sangamon Co., Illinois, 1821. Elected justice of the peace, 1823, at Springfield. Served with Illinois militia in Winnebago War, 1827, and in Black Hawk War, 18311832. Worshipful Master of Springfield Masonic Lodge, 1839. Baptized into LDS church, by 1840, at Springfield. Deputy Grand Master of second Grand Masonic Lodge of Illinois, 1840. Regent of University of Nauvoo, 1840. Probate judge, 1841, at Springfield. Ordained a high priest by Hyrum Smith, 2 Oct. 1841, at Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois. Served as branch president, 1842, at Springfield. Ordained a patriarch by JS. Elected probate judge of Hancock Co., 7 Aug. 1843. Died at Nauvoo.

Adams, John Quincy (11 July 176723 Feb. 1848), lawyer, diplomat, politician. Born in Braintree (later in Quincy), Suffolk Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Adams and Abigail Smith. Lived alternately in Braintree and Boston, from 1772. Studied law at Harvard University. Married Louisa Catherine Johnson, 26 July 1797, in London. President of U.S., 18251829. Moved to Quincy, 1829. Served as U.S. representative from Massachusetts, 18311848; championed civil liberties and opposed slavery. Died in Washington DC.

Aldrich, Mark (22 Jan. 180221 Sept. 1873), furrier, postmaster, land developer, merchant, politician. Born in Washington Co. (later in Warren Co.), New York. Son of Artemas Aldrich and Huldah Chamberlain. Moved to Hadley Township, Saratoga Co., New York, by Aug. 1810. Moved to Luzerne Township, Warren Co., by Aug. 1820. Married Margaret Wilkinson, 1829. Moved to St. Louis, 1829; to Point, unorganized U.S. territory (later in Keokuk, Lee Co., Iowa Territory), 2 July 1829; and to Fort Edwards (later in Warsaw), Hancock Co., Illinois, 1832. Served as first postmaster of Warsaw, 18341838. Elected Hancock Co. representative in Illinois legislature, 1836, 1838. Implicated in murder of JS, 1844. Moved to California, 1850; to Tucson, Doa Ana Co., New Mexico Territory (later in Pima Co., Arizona), 1855. Served in council of Arizona territorial legislature, 1864, 1866, and 1873. Died in Tucson.