DK - The Concise Human Body Book

THE C O N C I S E H U M A N BO DY BOOK 001-003_Prelims.indd 1 01/02/19 2:47 PM T H E C O N C I S E H U M A N B O D Y BOOK 001-003_Prelims.indd 2 01/02/19 2:47 PM T H E C O N C I S E H U M A N B O D Y BOOK S T E V E PA R K E R 001-003_Prelims.indd 3 12/02/19 4:57 PM PROJECT EDITORS Ann Baggaley, Abhijit Dutta, For The Human Body Book: Philip Morgan, Martyn Page, Mark Silas, Kate Taylor PROJECT EDITOR Rob Houston PROJECT ART EDITORS Mandy Earey, PROJECT ART EDITOR Maxine Lea Rupanki Arora Kaushik, Ted Kinsey EDITORS Ruth ORourke, Rebecca Warren, SENIOR EDITOR Simon Tuite Mary Allen, Kim Bryan, Tarda Davidson-Aitkins, SENIOR ART EDITOR Vicky Short Jane de Burgh, Salima Hirani, Miezan van Zyl MANAGING EDITOR Angeles Gavira, Julie Oughton DESIGNERS Matt Schofield, Kenny Grant, MANAGING ART EDITOR Louise Dick, Michael Duffy Francis Wong, Anna Plucinska ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Liz Wheeler MANAGING EDITOR Sarah Larter PUBLISHER Jonathan Metcalf MANAGING ART EDITOR Philip Ormerod ART DIRECTOR Karen Self, Bryn Walls PUBLISHING MANAGER Liz Wheeler REFERENCE PUBLISHER Jonathan Metcalf JACKET DESIGNER Duncan Turner ART DIRECTOR Bryn Walls PRODUCTION EDITORS Joanna Byrne, Maria Elia PRE-PRODUCTION MANAGER Balwant Singh PICTURE RESEARCHER Louise Thomas PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Sophie Argyris JACKET DESIGNER Lee Ellwood DTP DESIGNER Bimlesh Tiwari DTP DESIGNER Laragh Kedwell INDEXER Hilary Bird PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Tony Phipps PROOFREADER Katie John EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Tamlyn Calitz, Manisha Thakkar MEDICAL CONSULTANT Dr Penny Preston, Dr Kristina Routh INDEXER Hilary Bird PROOFREADER Andrea Bagg The Concise Human Body Book provides information on a wide range of medical topics, and every effort has CONTRIBUTORS Mary Allen, Andrea Bagg, been made to ensure that the information in this book is Jill Hamilton, Katie John, Janet Fricker, accurate. The book is not a substitute for medical advice, Jane de Burgh, Claire Cross however, and you are advised always to consult a doctor MEDICAL CONSULTANTS Dr Sue Davidson, or other health professional on personal health matters Dr Penny Preston, Dr Ian Guinan The Concise Human Body Book has been adapted from The Human Body Book, first published in Great ILLUSTRATORS Britain in 2007 by Dorling Kindersley Limited CREATIVE DIRECTOR Rajeev Doshi 3D ARTISTS Olaf Louwinger, Gavin Whelan, This edition published in 2019 Monica Taddei First published in Great Britain in 2009 by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL Copyright 2009, 2019 ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATORS Peter Bull Art Studio, Dorling Kindersley Limited Kevin Jones Associates, Adam Howard A Penguin Random House Company 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Colour reproduction by 001 315374 Jun/19 GRB Editrice s.r.l. in London, UK All rights reserved. Printed and bound in China No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, A WORLD OF IDEAS: in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW prior written permission of the copyright owner. www.dk.com A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-2413-9552-3 004-007_Contents.indd 4 03/05/2019 10:43 004-007_Contents.indd 5 01/02/19 2:47 PM CONTENTS 004-007_Contents.indd 6 03/05/2019 10:43 004-007_Contents.indd 7 03/05/2019 10:43 INTEGRATED BODY THE HUMAN BODY IS THE MOST DEEPLY STUDIED AND FREQUENTLY PORTRAYED OBJECT IN HISTORY. DESPITE ITS FAMILIARITY, IT IS ETERNALLY ABSORBING AND FASCINATING.

THE PAGES OF THIS BOOK REVEAL, IN AMAZING VISUAL DETAIL, AND IN BOTH HEALTH AND SICKNESS, THE INTRICATE INNERMOST WORKINGS OF THE BODYS CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, AND SYSTEMS. MUCH OF THE FASCINATION LIES IN THE WAY THESE PARTS INTERACT AND INTEGRATE AS EACH RELIES ON THE OTHERS TO FUNCTION AND SURVIVE. 008-009_IntergratedOpener.indd 8 01/02/19 12:03 PM INTEGRATED BODY 008-009_IntergratedOpener.indd 9 01/02/19 12:03 PM INTRODUCTION The number of humans in the world has as organs. For example, the stomach, raced past seven billion (7,000,000,000). intestines, and liver are organs of the More than 250 babies are born every digestive system. three humans per second. three humans per second.

Each of these Cells are often called the building people lives and thinks with, and within, blocks of the body. Active and dynamic, that most complex and marvellous of they continually grow and specialize, possessions a human body. function, die, and replenish themselves, by the millions every second. The whole body LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION contains about 100 million million cells, To understand the inner structure and of at least 200 different kinds. Science is workings of the human body, this book increasingly able to delve deeper than takes the living machine approach, cells, to the organelles within them, and borrowed from sciences such as onwards, to the ultimate components of engineering. series of integrated systems. series of integrated systems.

Each system carries out one major task. In the ANATOMY cardiovascular system, for example, the The study of the bodys structure, and heart pumps blood through vessels, to how its cells, tissues, and organs are supply every body part with essential assembled, is known as human anatomy. oxygen and nutrients. The systems are, For clarity, its elements are often shown in in turn, composed of main parts known isolation, because the inside of the body is 010-011_Introduction.indd 10 01/02/19 12:03 PM a crowded place. Tissues and organs press HEALTH AND ILLNESS against one another. Body parts shift Medical science amasses mountains of evidence continually as we move, breathe, pump every year for the best ways to stay healthy.

At blood, and digest food. For example, present, an individuals genetic inheritance, swallowed food does not simply fall down which is a matter of chance, is the given starting the gullet into the stomach; it is forced point for maintaining health and well-being. In down by waves of muscular contraction. recent years, treatments such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PIGN) carried out as part of PHYSIOLOGY assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro For a rounded understanding of the fertilization (IVF) and gene therapy are able to body, we need to see human anatomy in remove or negate some of these chance elements. combination with physiology the study of Many aspects of upbringing have a major impact how the body functions. Physiology focuses on health, including factors such as diet and on the dynamic chemical minutiae at whether it is too rich or too poor.