Carmen Diana Deere - Rural Women and State Policy: Feminist Perspectives on Latin American Agricultural Development

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Rural Women and State Policy

Series in Political Economy and Economic Development in Latin America

Series Editor
Andrew Zimbalist
Smith College

Through country case studies and regional analyses this series will contribute to a deeper understanding of development issues in Latin America. Shifting political environments, increasing economic interdependence, and the imposing problematic of debt, foreign investment, and trade policy demand novel conceptualizations of development strategies and potentials for the region. Individual volumes in this series will explore the deficiencies in conventional formulations of the Latin American development experience by examining new evidence and material. Topics will include, among others, women and development in Latin America; the impact of IMF interventions; the effects of re-democratization on development; Cubanology and Cuban political economy; Nicaraguan political economy; and individual case studies on development and debt policy in various countries in the region.

About the Book and Editors

The UN Decade for Women coincided with an economic crisis in Latin America comparable only to that of the Great Depression. This text synthesizes what has been learned over the past decade with regard to agricultural development for rural women, taking into account the impact of the economic crisis, models of development in the region, and the scope and consequences of "women in development" projects and policies.

consists of country case studies ranging from the neo-liberal model of Chile to socialist Cuba. Each author reviews the growing literature on women's roles in agricultural development and examines how changes in those roles relate to agricultural development initiatives and the changing role of the agricultural sector in national and international economies. They evaluate national programs established during the decade that were designed to benefit rural women and explore the consequences of ignoring rural women in state development initiatives.

contains four comparative analyses. Contributors consider the major state agricultural policy initiatives in Latin America during the past decadeagrarian reform and integrated rural developmentas well as the effectiveness of income-generating projects, which were the main initiatives targeted at rural women. The rural-to-urban migration of women is analyzed as the outcome of the lack of attention to their productive roles.

Carmen Diana Deere is professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Magdalena Len is research director at the Colombian Association of Population Studies (ACEP) in Bogot, Colombia.

Rural Women and State Policy

Feminist Perspectives on Latin American Agricultural Development

edited by
Carmen Diana Deere
and Magdalena Len

First published 1987 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1987 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rural women and state policy.
(Series in political economy and economic development in
Latin America)
"Papers... presented at the Symposium "Agricultural
Development Policy and Rural Women in Latin America:
an Evaluation of the Decade," convened... in con-
junction with the 45th International Congress of
Americanists [and] hosted by the University of Los
Andes in Bogot, Colombia, in July, 1985"
Acknowledgements.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Women in rural developmentLatin America
Congresses. 2. Rural development projectsLatin
AmericaCongresses. 3. Women in agriculture
Latin AmericaCongresses. I. Deere, Carmen Diana.
II. Len, Magdalena. III. Symposium on
"Agricultural Development Policy and Rural Women in
Latin America: an Evaluation of the Decade" (1985:
University of Los Andes). IV. Series.
HQ1240.5.L29R87 1987 305.4'2'098 87-8264

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28643-9 (hbk)

Contents

1. iii

Guide

This book grew out of a collaborative effort by North American, European, and Latin American researchers to synthesize what we have learned about the position of rural women in Latin America over the past decade. The authors benefited from the opportunity to exchange ideas on two occasions during 1985.

The first workshop, on Feminist Theory, State Policy, and Rural Women in Latin America, was convened by Mara de los Angeles Crummett, Carmen Diana Deere, and Beatriz Schmuckler at the Kellogg Institute of International Studies at the University of Notre Dame in February 1985. The papers presented by Chaney, Crummett, Deere, Len, Phillips, and Spindel benefited from the comments and criticisms of the other seminar participants, Alain de Janvry, Ann Kubisch, Marta Roldn, Beatriz Schmuckler, and Alex Wilde. We especially wish to thank Mara de los Angeles Crummett and Alex Wilde for local arrangements, Shelly Baxter, who served as rapporteur for the workshop, and Ernest Bartell, director of the Kellogg Institute.

All the chapters in this book were presented as papers at the symposium on "Agricultural Development Policy and Rural Women in Latin America: An Evaluation of the Decade," convened by Deere and Len in conjunction with the 45th International Congress of Americanists. Participation in the congress, which was hosted by the University of Los Andes in Bogot, Colombia, in July 1985, was made possible by a grant from the Ford Foundation.

Other invited participants in the Bogot symposium included Lourdes Bener, Pilar Campan, Cecilia Loez, Lidiethe Madden, Marianne Schmink, and Fiona Wilson. Their contributions enriched all the papers. Nancy Castro of the Colombian Association of Population Studies (ACEP) did a superb job of taking care of local arrangements, and we wish to thank both her and ACEP for facilitating our work.

The simultaneous publication of this collection in both English and Spanish was made possible through a prepublication grant from the Ford Foundation. We are most grateful to the foundation for its support of this endeavor. The translation of six of the chapters into English was undertaken by Katherine Pettus of Latin American Scholarly Services. We greatly appreciate her collaboration in bringing this project to fruition. All the chapters benefited from the careful reading of Andrew Zimbalist, editor of this Westview Press series.

Finally, we wish to acknowledge our debt to the rural women of Latin America from whom we have learned so much over the past decade. To them we dedicate this book.

Carmen Diana Deere
Magdalena Len

Carmen Diana Deere
and Magdalena Len

As the UN Decade for Women came to a close at Nairobi in July 1985, Latin America was enmeshed in an economic crisis comparable only to that of the Great Depression. Throughout the region growth rates had been low or negative. In the majority of countries, real per capita income was lower in 1985 than in 1980 and, in several cases, than in 1970 (UN 1985:20). Moreover, staggering debt service requirements and the burden of economic adjustment threatened the very process of development. Yet in the midst of this crisis women had become a development concern.

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