Darlene Misconish Tyler - Your World: Bubblegum: Addition and Subtraction

0covercover.xhtmlcover1page0001page0001.xhtml22page0002page0002.xhtmlYour World Bubblegum Addition and Subtraction33page0003page0003.xhtml44page0004page0004.xhtmlTable of Contents Pop 4 Walter's Wonder 6 Love It or Hate It 12 Bubblegum Fun 16 A Blast with Bubblegum 26 Problem Solving 28 Glossary 30 Index 31 Answer Key 3255page0005page0005.xhtmlPop! Chomp! Chomp! Pop! Chewing gum has been around for thousands of years. But bubblegum has a more recent history. Many people think bubblegum and chewing gum are the same thing. In fact, they are quite different. Chewing gum is made with sap from trees. The sap makes the gum very chewy. Bubblegum is stretchy, which lets people blow bubbles. Some people chew it because they like the taste. Some people think it just makes a mess! Regardless of whether you are a fan, one thing is certain : bubblegum has come a long way over the years.66page0006page0006.xhtmlThis man taps into the tree to get sap.77page0007page0007.xhtmlWalter's Wonder In the early 1900s, chewing gum was sold in most stores. Many people liked the treat. But gum was sticky very sticky. It stuck to people's hands and clothes. It even stuck to their lips! Workers at the Fleer Corporation were trying to find a way to make a great piece of gum. A man named Walter Diemer (DEE?muhr) worked in the office there. He was not an inventor. But Walter still wanted to help. He worked for more than a year on new gum recipes. One day, he made the perfect batch. The gum was not too sticky, and it could stretch more than the old gum.88page0008page0008.xhtmlA worker feeds stretched bubblegum through a machine to flatten it.99page0009page0009.xhtmlBubble Blowers Gilbert Mustin was in charge of Fleer. He called the new gum Dubble Bubble . Before that, no one had ever blown a bubble with gum! This was a new idea. In fact, Walter had to teach sales people how to blow bubbles so they could sell the gum. People loved Dubble Bubble. It was not sticky like the old gum. And now, they could blow huge bubbles! Other companies copied Walter's gum recipe. Within a few years, there were many brands of gum from which to choose. A girl blows a giant bubble in 1959.1010page0010page0010.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH The Fleer Corporation grew very fast because of Dubble Bubble. Walter had to teach more and more sales people how to blow bubbles. Suppose that the ten frames show how many people Walter taught on Monday and Tuesday. Monday Tuesday 1. How many people did Walter teach each day? 2. On which day did Walter teach the most people? 3. How many people did Walter teach altogether? 4. How many more people did Walter teach on Monday than on Tuesday? Dubble Bubble gum packs come with comics.1111page0011page0011.xhtmlWhy Pink? Today, most pieces of bubblegum are pink. We owe that to Walter, too. When he made his final batch of gum, he looked for a way to make it stand out. Walter grabbed a bottle of food coloring, which is a liquid that dyes things certain colors. The only bottle he could find was pink. Walter did not mind. His favorite color was pink! When other companies made their gum, they used pink, too.1212page0012page0012.xhtmlTwo workers check their gum recipe in 1935. A factory worker mixes food coloring into a batch of bubblegum in 1947.1313page0013page0013.xhtmlLove It or Hate It Good gum used to be hard to find. But now, it is sold in most countries. People love to chomp on this chewy treat. A typical American chews about a pound of gum each year. That may seem like a lot. But around the world, more than one hundred thousand tons of gum are chewed each year. All that gum weighs about as much as 20, 000 elephants! That is a lot of gum!1414page0014page0014.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Imagine you work at a candy store. You keep track of how much chewing gum you sell. 1. In one week, you sell 4 packs of gum each day for 4 days. How many packs of gum do you sell? Explain your strategy for finding the solution using words, numbers, or pictures. 2. The next week, your goal is to sell 20 packs of gum. How many more packs is this than the first week? Kids push in line to buy bubblegum in 1947.1515page0015page0015.xhtmlNot everyone is a fan of bubblegum. In 1987, a new metro system was built in Singapore. Gum chewers left bits of gum on the seats and on the doors of the trains. This made the country's leaders mad. So, they wrote a law that banned the sale of gum. Today, only gum that is used to keep teeth clean can be sold there. But buyers must sign their names and show identification cards first.1616page0016page0016.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Some people spit gum on the ground or stick it under tables when they are done chewing. It costs about 3 to make a stick of gum but 10 to clean it up. 1. How much more does it cost to clean up 1 piece of gum than it does to make 1 stick of gum? 2. Which costs more : cleaning up 2 pieces of gum or making 6 sticks of gum? By how much? Singapore Metro1717page0017page0017.xhtmlBubblegum Fun! Love it or hate it, bubblegum is here to stay. Many people try to see who can blow the biggest bubble. Bubblegum contests are held each year at state fairs and schools. The world record was set in 2004. It was 20 inches (51 centimeters) wide. Many people have tried to beat the record. But so far, no one has. A man measures a girl's bubble in a contest.1818page0018page0018.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Lucky likes to compete in bubble-blowing contests. He is practicing for a big contest next weekend. 1. Imagine that Lucky blows 4 bubbles. His bubbles are 3 inches, 6 inches, 5 inches, and 2 inches wide. What is the total of the widths of Lucky's bubbles? 2. Yesterday, Lucky blew a bubble that was 18 inches wide. Today, Lucky blows a bubble that is 10 inches smaller than the one he blew yesterday. How wide is the bubble he blows today? A group of people try to blow the biggest bubble.1919page0019page0019.xhtmlBubblegum can be fun. But it can also help you in ways that you may not realize. Have you ever been hungry but have to wait for lunchtime? Try chewing a piece of gum. Chewing gum will trick your brain into thinking that you have food. It may even stop your stomach from growling until you can eat. Do you have a test coming up? Some schools have been known to let kids chew gum during important tests. Chewing gum has been shown to help people focus. This boy wishes lunchtime could be sooner.2020page0020page0020.xhtml2121page0021page0021.xhtmlChewing gum can help in a few more ways. It may stop you from crying when you cut an onion. Some people think it works because the gum flavor is stronger than the onion flavor. Other people think it makes you breathe through your mouth, not your nose. Still, other people think that it is all in your head. If you think it will stop you from crying, then you will. Chewing sugar?free gum after meals might also keep your teeth strong. Gum causes your mouth to make more saliva, or spit. This clears out any food that is caught between your teeth. It also keeps your breath fresh!2222page0022page0022.xhtmlA dentist shows her patient X-rays of his teeth.2323page0023page0023.xhtmlChewing gum can have many benefits. But it can also cause some problems. Picture yourself blowing a huge bubble. It keeps getting bigger and bigger. All of a sudden, the bubble pops! There is gum everywhere. It is even in your hair! What can you do? There is one safe way to get the gum out of your hair, but it can get a little messy. Rub peanut butter on the gum. Then, wait a few minutes. The oils in the peanut butter will help the sticky gum come right out!2424page0024page0024.xhtml2525page0025page0025.xhtmlLuckily, gum comes out of hair. But what if you get bubblegum on your clothes? Getting gum out of clothes can be tricky, but it can be done! Fold your clothes, put them in a plastic bag, and put the bag in the freezer. After a few hours, you should be able to scrape the frozen gum right off! If you are in a hurry and do not have time to wait, rub an ice cube over the gum.2626page0026page0026.xhtmlThe gum on this pair of jeans should come off after a few hours in the freezer.2727page0027page0027.xhtmlA Blast with Bubblegum Once you clean up the mess, there are many ways to enjoy bubblegum. You can chew it, blow it, or pop it. Maybe you want to set a world record. Maybe you want to get rid of a bad taste in your mouth. Or, you might just chew gum for fun. No matter what you do, how you feel, or where you go, bubblegum is there to pop along with you!2828page0028page0028.xhtml2929page0029page0029.xhtmlProblem Solving Bubble blowing is not the only contest for gum lovers. The Chomp Title goes to the person who chews the most pieces of bubblegum for the longest amount of time. The current Chomp Title champ is Richard Walker. He chewed 135 pieces of bubblegum for 8 hours! Imagine that Alexis is competing in a contest at her school. She wants to hold the Chomp Title. There are three rounds. In her first round, she chews 10 pieces of gum for 4 hours. In the next round, she chews 6 pieces of gum for 4 hours. In her third round, she chews 4 pieces of gum for 4 hours. Answer the questions to summarize her chewing activity.3030page0030page0030.xhtml1. How many more pieces of gum does Alexis chew in round 1 than in round 2? 2. How many fewer pieces of gum does Alexis chew in round 3 than in round 2? 3. In which round does she chew the most pieces of gum? How do you know? 4. How many total pieces of gum does Alexis chew in all 3 rounds? Explain your strategy using words, numbers, or pictures. 5. For how many total hours does Alexis chew gum? How many hours more or less than Richard is this?3131page0031page0031.xhtmlGlossary banned ordered people to stop using or doing something batch a group of things that are made at the same time benefits good results or effects dyes changes the colors of things metro an underground railway system recipes sets of instructions for making things sap a watery fluid that comes from inside a plant3232page0032page0032.xhtmlIndex chewing gum Chomp Title Diemer, Walter Dubble Bubble Fleer Corporation metro Mustin, Gilbert Singapore Walker, Richard3333page0033page0033.xhtmlAnswer Key Let's Explore Math page 9 : 1. Monday : 8 people; Tuesday : 6 people 2. Monday 3. 14 people 4. 2 people page 13 : 1. 16 packs of gum; Strategies will vary but may include using equations, arrays, or ten frames. 2. 4 more packs of gum page 15 : 1. 7 more 2. Cleaning up 2 pieces of gum costs 2 more than making 6 sticks of gum. page 17 : 1. 16 in. 2. 8 in. wide Problem Solving 1. 4 more pieces of gum 2. 2 fewer pieces of gum 3. round 1; Answers will vary but may include that she chewed 10 pieces in round 1, and 10 is more than 6 (round 2), and 10 is more than 4 (round 3). 4. 20 pieces of gum total; Explanations will vary but may include using equations, ten frames, or blocks. 5. Alexis chews gum for a total of 12 hours. She chews for 4 more hours than Richard.3434page0034page0034.xhtmlMath Talk 1. How do you know whether to add or subtract in a word problem? 2. How can you use addition to help you solve subtraction problems? 3. How can you use number lines to show addition and subtraction? 4. Frank likes blowing bubbles. In 5 days, he blows 17 total bubbles. How many bubbles might he have blown each day? Why do you think so? 5. Elisabeth wants to add 8 and 9. She says, "If I start with 8, I can count up 9 numbers and land on my answer. " Will Elisabeth's strategy work? Is there a more efficient strategy? 6. Aysha has some bubblegum. She has more than Andre. She has 3 fewer pieces than Kendall. If Kendall has 10 pieces of bubblegum, how many pieces does Aysha have? How many pieces might Andre have? Why do you think so?3535page0035page0035.xhtmlYour World Bubblegum Addition and Subtraction It is gooey and sweet, a delicious, chewy treat. It is bubblegum! Come along as we smack, blow, and pop our way through addition and subtraction! Operations and Algebraic Reasoning36