THE
CABINET CYCLOPDIA.
CONDUCTED BY THE
REV. DIONYSIUS LARDNER, LL.D. F.R.S. L.&E.
M.R.I.A. F.R.A.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. Hon. F.C.P.S. &c. &c.
ASSISTED BY
EMINENT LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MEN.
History.
DENMARK, SWEDEN, AND NORWAY.
BY THE AUTHOR OF
THE HISTORY OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR
LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS,
PATERNOSTER-ROW;
AND JOHN TAYLOR,
UPPER GOWER STREET.
1839.
HISTORY
OF
DENMARK, SWEDEN AND NORWAY,
BY
S. A. DUNHAM,
Author of The History of Spain & Portugal
VOL. II.
Copenhagen. E. Finden sc
London:
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW
AND JOHN TAYLOR, UPPER GOWER STREET.
1839.
TABLE,
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL,
TO THE SECOND VOLUME OF
THE HISTORY OF SCANDINAVIA.
CHAPTER IV.continued.
MARITIME EXPEDITIONS OF THE NORTHMEN DURING THE
PAGAN TIMES.
SECTION II.
IN THE ORKNEYS, THE HEBRIDES, ICELAND, GREENLAND, NORTH
AMERICA, RUSSIA, ETC.
7951026.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOVERNMENT IN THE ORKNEYS.SUCCESSION OF JARLS, ROGNEVALD, SIGURD, HALLAD, EINAR, SIGURD II., ETC.DISCOVERY AND COLONIZATION OF ICELAND.DISCOVERY AND COLONIZATION OF GREENLAND.ALLEGED DISCOVERY OF NORTH AMERICA.STATEMENT OF FACTS CONNECTED WITH IT.FOUNDATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE BY THE SCANDINAVIAN RURIC.
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888. | Establishment of a Government in the Orkneys by Harald Harfagre; Sigurd, the first Jarl |
889892. | Able Administration of Sigurd; he is succeeded by Einar |
893936. | Administration of Einar |
936943. | Of Arnkel and Erlend, the Sons of Einar |
946980. | Succession of Jarls |
9801014. | Sigurd, the next Jarl, compelled to embrace Christianity; Legend |
Piratical Depredations on the neighbouring Islands |
861, &c. | Iceland Discovered by the Norwegian Naddod, who is followed by other Navigators |
874. | Iceland first colonised by Ingulf; Fate of Jorleif |
884. | Other Colonists, especially Thorolf, the Priest of Thor; Manner in which he established the new Colony |
874936. | Progress of the new Colonies |
Formation of a Northern Code |
930. | Internal Economy of this important Island; the great Chief of the Law |
Circumstances which led to the Discovery of Greenland by Eric the Red |
Christianity Introduced into Greenland by Leif, the Son of Eric |
1001. | Alleged Discovery of North America by Biarn, a Descendant of Ingulf |
The newly-discovered Country visited by Leif, the Son of Eric |
Remarks on this Relation |
10041008. | Voyage of Thorwald, who dies in the Country called Vinland |
1009. | Thorfin, a Norwegian Chief, makes the first Attempt at Colonisation |
10261121. | The Country visited by other People, especially by the Missionaries |
The Balance of Evidence decidedly in favour of the alleged Discovery of the American Continent many Ages before Columbus |
862. | A Scandinavian Dynasty founded in Russia by Ruric |
Circumstances connected with that memorable Event; how far probable |
861, 862. | Novogrod the Seat of the new Dynasty |
The Domination of the Strangers extended to Kief; two Governments |
882. | Evils arising from the Creation of two States; Kief subdued by the Regent of Novogrod |
Maritime Expeditions of the Northmen into Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Greece, &c. |
CHAP. V.
COSMOGONY AND RELIGION OF SCANDINAVIA.
INTRODUCTION.
THE TWO EDDAS, THE ELDER AND THE YOUNGER, THE POETIC AND THE PROSE.CONTENTS OF THE FORMER.DIVISION INTO CLASSES. 1. THE MYSTICAL. 2. THE MYTHIC-DIDACTIC. 3. THE PURELY MYTHOLOGICAL. 4. THE MYTHIC-HISTORICAL.POEMS OF EACH CLASS.THE PROSE EDDA.SNORRO STURLESON.
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Religion of the Pagan Northmen an interesting Subject of Inquiry |
The Two Eddas |
I. Smund, reputed Compiler of the Poetic Edda; its slow Publication |
Poems included in the Elder Edda divisible into four Classes |
1. The Mystic Class: |
The Voluspa |
The Grougaldor |
The Magic of Odin similar in many Respects to that of Zoroaster |
2. The Mytho-didactic Class: |
The Vafthrudnis-ml |
Grimnis-ml |
Other Pieces of this Class |
The Hava-ml |
3. The purely Mythologic Class: |
The Hymis-guida |
The Hamars-heimt |
The Rafna-galdur Odins |
The Skirnirs-for |
The Vegtams-Quida |
Undoubted Antiquity of the preceding Poems |
4. The Mytho-historical Class |
II. The Prose or Younger Edda, usually ascribed to Snorro Sturleson |
Some Account of that celebrated Man |
Sources from which he drew |
SECTION I.
THE SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSE, ITS WORLDS, AND THEIR INHABITANTS IN GENERAL, WITH THE PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION.
CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE.YMER.THE GIANTS.THE GODS.OTHER BEINGS.THE NINE WORLDS, WITH THEIR POSITION AND PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION.THE TWELVE HOUSES OF ASGARD.SWARTALFAHEIM.INHABITANTS OF THE NINE WORLDS.THE ASER.THE VEVER, ETC.
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Progress of Creation according to that venerable Authority, the Elder Edda |
The Waters of Nifleheim flow into the Abyss and freeze |
But they are thawed by the Fires of Muspelheim |
To the Operation of Cold and Heat on the Waters of Nifleheim must be ascribed the Origin of this visible Universe |
Generation of Ymer, the Patriarch of the Frost Giants |
Creation of the Cow Andumbla, which calls Bur into Existence |
From this new Being, half Deity, half Giant, arose Odin, Vil, and V |
Ymer destroyed, and the Universe formed from his Body |
Affinities between the Scandinavian and other Systems of Mythology |
The Cow, as a Symbol, very generally diffused |
Physical Interpretation of the Mythos |
Physical Interpretation of another Mythos, the Destruction of Ymer and his Offspring |