Donald Maass - The Fire in Fiction: Passion, Purpose and Techniques to Make Your Novel Great

INTRODUCTION

Status Seekers and Storytellers

Playing With Fire

CHAPTER 1 Protagonists vs. Heroes

Average Joes, Jane Does, and Dark Protagonists

Cutting Heroes Down to Size

Greatness

Protagonists vs. Heroes

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 2 Characters Who Matter

Special

Ordinary

Antagonists

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 3 Scenes That Can't Be Cut

Outer and Inner Turning Points

Dialogue

Striding Forward, Falling Back

First Lines, Last Lines

The Tornado Effect

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 4 The World of the Novel

Linking Details and Emotions

Measuring Change Over Time

History is Personal

Seeing Through Characters' Eyes

Conjuring a Milieu

Setting as a Character

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 5 A Singular Voice

Giving Characters Voice

Details and Delivery

Different Ways of Relating a Story

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 6 Making the Impossible Real

The Skeptical Reader

Making Characters Afraid

Focus on Villains

Verisimilitude: Pseudoscience, Genuine Facts

Scary Monsters

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 7 Hyperreality

The Secrets of Satire

Funny People, Funny Places

Sending Up Society

Funny Voices

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 8 Tension All the Time

Tension in Dialogue

Tension in Action

Tension in Exposition

Transforming Low-Tension Traps

Tension Where There Is None

Practical Tools

CHAPTER 9 The Fire in Fiction

Our Common Experience

Our Uncommon Experiences

The Moral of the Story

The Fire in Fiction

Practical Tools

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

We've all read them: the sixth novel in a mystery series that disappoints, the splashy-looking hardcover that proves to be empty inside, the latest novel by a favorite author that is just plain off. We wonder what went wrong. Was the author rushed, or not edited, or maybe just not trying?

Lackluster stories turn up every day, too, in the submissions sent to my literary agency in New York. The manuscripts of published and unpublished authors alike too often lie flat on the page. They fail to engage, to excite my imagination. Feeling little for the characters and unenthusiastic about where the story may go, I scribble notes for my rejection letters.

Then there are those manuscripts that effortlessly lift off. From the first sentence, I am immediately drawn into the world of the story. The protagonist is someone about whom I immediately care. Secondary characters come alive, and even the antagonist surprises me. I cannot help but read every page as the author unfolds his purpose, whether it is to scare me, to satirize, to uplift me, or just to amaze me.

No doubt you have felt that way about one published novel or another. You may also have noted with envy that the publisher got behind that lucky book. You can tell that from the gorgeous cover and the book's front-of-store placement. Reviewers also gush, declaring that it's her best ever.

What is it that puts authors at the top of their game? Is it the result of accumulated craft, experience reaped, confidence built over

twenty or more books? Is it a sage suggestion from a veteran agent or editor? Why not tackle thus-and-such subject?

Masterpiece novels look like singular events. We imagine that this novel is the story that the author has been burning to write. He's been saving it up, planning it for years, worked on it for a decade between delivering lesser works. In our more envious moments we may imagine that this corker was born from a one-time lightning flash of inspiration.

I don't buy that. A lightning flash bright enough to light four hundred pages? A suggestion so brilliant that forty or more elegantly shaped scenes flow easily onto the page? A decade-long project that did not ever once grow stale?

A masterpiece novel may be singularly inspired, and it certainly can be a once-in-a-career event. But even so, it is not magic. It may feel that way to the author. He may hype its close-to-my-heart genesis and confess in The Writer or on NPR that the manuscript wrote itself.

It disappoints me when authors perpetuate the myth that writing is magic. Some allow it to be so. It's a shame that those writers fail to understand their own process. What's wrong with that? What's wrong is simply that magic is unpredictable. A method that's mysterious cannot be repeated.

I believe that passion is available to every author, every time she sits down to write. Every novel can be inspired. Every scene can have a white-hot center. It is not a matter of conjuring demons, being obsessed, or just plain luck. The passion that inspires great fiction can be a writing technique as handy and easy to use as those with which all fiction writers are familiar. Passion can be a practical tool.

What do I mean by passion? Simply put, it is the underlying conviction that makes the words matter. It is the burning drive to urgently get down something specific, something that the reader has to see. It could be as big as a universal truth about human nature or as small as the quality of the light on an autumn afternoon on the Nebraska prairie.

Whatever it is, the words flow, or seem to, and as readers we are blown away by the author's precision and emotional force. A

passionate author has us in her grip. Passionate fiction is not bogged down, wandering, low in tension, or beset by the many bugbears of by-the-numbers novel writing, like stereotypical characters, predictable plots, cliche-ridden prose, churning exposition, buried dialogue, and so on.

Passionate writing makes every word a shaft of light, every sentence a crack of thunder, every scene a tectonic shift. When the purpose of every word is urgent, the story crackles, connects, weaves, and falls together in wondrous ways. No wonder such novels feel as if they are writing themselves. Actually, it is the author who has found a groove. Wouldn't it be nice if every manuscript flowed so easily?

STATUS SEEKERS AND STORYTELLERS

Why do some novels by published writers go wrong? To start to answer that question, I think we must first go back to the beginning and examine the two primary reasons why people write fiction.

For thirty years I have observed fiction careers. I've seen them succeed and fail. The more I see, the more I feel that novelists fall into two broad categories: those whose desire is to be published, and those whose passion is to spin stories. I think of these as status seekers and storytellers.

It can be tough to tell the difference, at least at first. Before their first contract, most fiction writers will urgently tell me what they believe I want to hear: I am totally committed to making it, to being the best writer I can be, no matter what it takes. I want to achieve excellence.

I believe such sentiments are sincere but I have learned to take them with a grain of salt. It is over time that I discover an author's true motivation for writing. Authors themselves may not know, and all have a mixture of motives. Still, their primary reasons for writing will ultimately emerge.