Grant Foreman - Sequoyah (Civilization of the American Indian Series, Vol 16)
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Sequoyah (Civilization of the American Indian Series, Vol 16)
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By Grant Foreman (published by the University of Oklahoma Press)
Advancing the Frontier, 18301860 Down the Texas Road The Five Civilized Tribes Fort Gibson: A Brief History A History of Oklahoma Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians Indians and Pioneers: The Story of the American Southwest Before 1830 Marcy and the Gold Seekers: The Journal of Captain R. B. Marcy Muskogee: The Biography of an Oklahoma Town (editor) A Traveler in Indian Territory, by Ethan Allen Hitchcock (editor) Adventure on Red River, by Captain Randolph B. Marcy (editor) A Pathfinder in the Southwest, by Lieutenant A. W. Whipple Sequoyah
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 38-27481
ISBN: 0-8061-1056-2
Sequoyah is Volume 16 in The Civilization of the American Indian Series.
Copyright 1938 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Page v
Illustrations
George Guess (Sequoyah)
facing page 3
The Cherokee Alphabet
40
Cherokee Phoenix
41
Sequoyah Teaching the Alphabet
56
Sequoyah's cabin in Indian Territory
57
Page vi
Ode to Sequoyah
(By Alex Posey, Creek Indian Poet)
The names of Watie and Boudinot The valiant warrior and gifted sage And other Cherokees, may be forgot, But thy name shall descend to every age; The mysteries enshrouding Cadmus' name Cannot obscure thy claim to fame.
The people's language cannot perishnay, When from the face of this great continent Inevitable doom hath swept away The last memorialthe last fragment Of tribes,some scholar learned shall pore Upon thy letters, seeking lore. Some bard shall lift a voice in praise of thee, In moving numbers tell the world how men Scoffed thee, hissed thee, charged with lunacy! And who could not give 'nough honor when At length, in spite of jeers, of want and need, Thy genius shaped a dream into a deed.
By cloud-capped summits in the boundless west, Or mighty river rolling to the sea, Where'er thy footsteps led thee on that quest, Unknown, rest thee, illustrious Cherokee.
Page 2
George Guess (Sequoyah) From the Library of Congress
Page 3
Sequoyah
Sequoyah is celebrated as an illiterate Indian genius who, solely from the resources of his mind, endowed a whole tribe with learning; the only man in history to conceive and perfect in its entirety an alphabet or syllabary.
He was born in the Cherokee village of Tuskegee in Tennessee, near Fort Loudon on the Tennessee River, about five miles from the sacred or capital town of Echota. Little is known of his early life, though it is well established that he grew up in the tribe unacquainted with English or civilized arts. He was a craftsman in silver work, an ingenious natural mechanic, whose inventive powers had scope for development in consequence of an affliction to one of his legs that rendered him a cripple for life. In young manhood he removed from the Overhills towns to Willstown in the present State of Alabama.
Sequoyah, whose English name was George Guess, was a soldier in the War of 1812 against the hostile Creek Indians. He served as a private in the company of Mounted and Foot Cherokees commanded by the Cherokee, Capt. John McLamore, and forming part of Col. Gideon Morgan Jr.'s Regiment of Cherokee Indians.
He volunteered at Turkeytown October 7, 1813, less than a month before his regiment under Morgan and Maj. John Lowrey participated in an attack on the town of Tallaschatche. Sequoyah's three months service ended January 6, 1814, but he reenlisted three weeks later. March 27, 1814, his regiment took
Page 4
part in the famous Battle of the Horseshoe that inflicted a decisive defeat on the Creeks. Fifteen days afterward, with the war practically over, Sequoyah was discharged at Hillabee.
These facts are established by the records in the United States war department and in the pension office, including the affidavit of Sequoyah's widow Sally, to whom he was married in 1815, and who, in 1855 at the age of sixty-six, invoked the record of her deceased husband's service in support of her claim for bounty land, authorized by a recent act of congress. In this proceeding, supporting affidavits were made by the Cherokees, Chief John Ross, who also fought at the Battle of the Horseshoe, John Drew, Archibald Campbell and Going Back, who knew of Sequoyah's army service and that Sally was his only widow. Throughout these records he is called George Guess.
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