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Geoffrey Chaucer - Canterbury Tales (Barnes & Noble Classics Series)

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Table of Contents From the Pages of The Canterbury Tales In Chaucers - photo 1

Table of Contents

From the Pages of
The Canterbury Tales
(In Chaucers Middle English. See modern English translation on next page.)
Whan that Aprille with his shoures sote The droghte of Marche hath perced to the rote, And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan Zephirus eek with his swete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halfe cours y-ronne, And smale fowles maken melodye, That slepen al the night with open ye, (So priketh him nature in hir corages): Than longen folke to goon on pilgrimages.
(from The Prologue, page 2)

Thou mightest wene that this Palamoun In his fighting were a wood leoun, And as a cruel tygre was Arcite: As wilde bores gonne they to smyte, That frothen whyte as foom for ire wood. Up to the ancle foghte they in hir blood.
(from The Knightes Tale, page 88)

Thou shalt na-more, thurgh thy flaterye, Do me to singe and winke with myn ye. For he that winketh, whan he sholde see, Al wilfully, god lat him never thee!
(from The Nonne Preestes Tale, page 570)
From the Pages of
The Canterbury Tales
(In modern English. See Chaucers original Middle English on previous page.)
When April with his showers sweet The drought of March has pierced to the root, And rain, like virtue Made those flowers grow; When West Wind with his sweet breath has Blown through every wood and heath The tender buds, and the young sun In Aries has his half-course run; And little birds make melody, That sleep all night with open eyeSo pricks them Nature in their soulsThen folks yearn to go on pilgrimages.
(from The General Prologue, page 3)

You may be sure that this Palamon In his fighting was an enraged lion, And as a cruel tiger was Arcita; They proceeded to smite like wild boars That froth white with foam in wild anger. Up to the ankle fought they in their blood.
(from The Knights Tale, page 89)

You shall no more, through your flattery, Cause me to sing and close my eyes. For he who blinks when he should look, All willfully, may God not give him luck!
(from The Nuns Priests Tale, page 571)

Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer author of one of the greatestand - photo 2

Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer, author of one of the greatestand earliestpoems written in English, was born in London in the early 1340s. His father was a successful vintner and deputy chief butler to King Edward III. Little is known of Chaucers early years. He most likely attended a grammar school but did not study at a university. He learned Latin and French, and perhaps some Italian, the latter probably from wine traders with whom his father did business. Around 1356 he became a page in the household of Elizabeth, countess of Ulster and wife of Lionel, one of Edward IIIs sons.
In 1359 Chaucer journeyed to France in the service of Prince Lionel and Edward III on one of the many campaigns fought during the Hundred Years War; when Chaucer was captured, Edward provided the money for his ransom. Little is known of Chaucer during the decade following his return from France. In the early 1360s he entered Edward IIIs household as a yeoman and soon became an esquire; as such, he probably lived at court and performed duties for the crown. He married Philippa Roet, who was descended from a powerful family, in 1366. During the same period, Edward III awarded him a lifetime annuity, one among many Chaucer and his wife received.
Chaucer served Edward III, John of Gaunt, and Richard II in a variety of capacities, including diplomat, justice of the peace, and translator. Beginning in 1374 he was controller of wool customs for the port of London; around this time he and his family moved into comfortable, rent-free quarters above one of Londons seven city gates. He traveled frequently on royal business; in the late 1370s, during a trip to Italy, he may have obtained copies of the works of Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch.
Possibly in response to political pressures, Chaucer resigned his position as controller of customs and left his London apartment in 1386; that same year he was elected to Parliament from the county of Kent, and in 1387 his wife is reported to have died. In 1391 he retired to Kent, presumably to write. A year or two before his death, he returned to London to live.
Chaucer is thought to have begun The Canterbury Tales, his masterpiece, in the late 1380s. While he drew on French and Italian forms of prose, and on the work of Dante, Ovid, and Virgil, his poetry was innovativewritten in his native tongue, while most writers of the day composed in Latin or French. He produced some of the most renowned verse in the history of the English language, particularly in The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Cathedral.
The World of Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales
1340- 1345Geoffrey Chaucer is born in London, the son of John Chaucer, a prominent wine importer, and his wife, Agnes.
1346The English triumph at Crecy, one of many bloody battles fought between England and France during the Hundred Years War.
1348 1349The Black Death (the plague) sweeps through England, reportedly killing one-third of the population.
1349 1351Giovanni Boccaccio writes the Decameron.
1356The English are victorious at the battle of Poitiers; Edward III captures the French king, John II.
1357The first known mention of Chaucer is a record of a pur chase of clothing, possibly suggesting he was a page in the household of Elizabeth, countess of Ulster and wife of Li onel, the second son of Edward III.
1359 - 1360Chaucer serves in the English army and travels to the battle fields of France with Edward III and his sons, including the eldest, known as the Black Prince.
1360Chaucer is captured by the French and held for ransom until he is released for the sum of 16; Edward III provides the sum. With the Treaty of Brtigny, England establishes peace with France that will last nine years.
1361- 1362The plague returns, again devastating the population. Wages for laborers increase, as there are more jobs available than workers to perform them. The use of English in courts of law is formalized.
1366Chaucer marries Philippa Roet. His father dies.
1367Chaucer is given a lifetime annuity of 20 per year by Ed ward III. Chaucer will serve the royal household in various capacities until his death. His son, Thomas, is born. Richard II, the son of the Black Prince, is born.
c.1367 - 1370William Langlands Piers Plowman appears.
1368Chaucer travels overseas on royal missions, perhaps to France or Italy.
1369- 1372Chaucer writes The Book of the Duchess, an elegy for Blanche of Lancaster, who died in 1368. Edward IIIs wife, Queen Philippa, dies. A third major plague spreads throughout England.
1370John Lydgate, a writer remembered as an imitator of Chaucer, is born.
1371John of Gaunt, another son of Edward III and Blanche of Lancasters widower, marries Constance of Castile. Philippa Chaucer serves in their household.
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