Rogerio Sousa - Gilded Flesh

Rogrio Sousa

In loving memory of my godmother, Odete who shines beautifully among the Imperishable Stars

Published in the United Kingdom in 2019 by

OXBOW BOOKS

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Oxbow Books and the author 2019

Hardback Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-262-0

Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78925-263-7 (ePub)

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Front cover: Inner coffin of Kha. Museo Egizio in Turin (S.8429).

Back cover: Top: Painted box from the Tomb of Kha. Museo Egizio in Turin (S 8617-18).

Bottom: Painted box from the Tomb of Kha. Museo Egizio in Turin (S 8613).

Except when otherwise stated in the captions, the drawings published in the volume are by the author. All the photos from the Tomb of Kha were kindly provided by the Museo Egizio in Turin.

Maps

Map 1. Egypt: The sites mentioned in the text.

Map 2. Gebelein. Map of the site.

Map 3. Saqqara. Map of the site.

Map 4. Deir el-Medina. Map of the site.

Chapter 1

Fig. 1. Gebelein. View of the Eastern Hill.

Fig. 2. Ernest Wallis Budge.

Fig. 3. Gebelein Man A with a reconstructed assemblage of burial goods. British Museum (EA 32751). The Trustees of the British Museum.

Fig. 4. A typical grave from Nagada II (above). Tattoos found on the Gebelein Man A (below left) and on the Gebelein Woman (below right).

Fig. 5. Jar decorated with a Nilotic landscape. Nagada II.

Chapter 2

Fig. 6. The Saqqara plateau with the funerary complex of Djoser Netjererkhet (aerial view).

Fig. 7. Auguste Mariette.

Fig. 8. The Tomb of Ti (19th century).

Fig. 9. The entrance of the mastaba.

Fig. 10. Reconstruction of the mastaba.

Fig. 11. The courtyard.

Fig. 12. The serdab of the offering chamber.

Fig. 13. Plan of the tomb.

Fig. 14. The false door in the offering chamber.

Fig. 15. Decoration of the offering chamber (detail).

Fig. 16. Decoration of the offering chamber, eastern wall. Drawings from Wild 1966. Composition by the author.

Fig. 17. Decoration of the longitudinal gallery (detail).

Fig. 18. Decoration of the offering chamber (detail).

Fig. 19. The statue of Ti. Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

Fig. 20. The burial chamber.

Fig. 21. The stone sarcophagus of Nebka (?) from the unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan. Services des Antiquit dgypte, 1904.

Chapter 3

Fig. 22. The Pyramid of Amenemhat I in Lischt.

Fig. 23. The Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Thebes, 1925. Archives of the Egyptian Expedition, Department of Egyptian Art.

Fig. 24. Plan of the Mastaba of the Vizier Senuseret with the position of the shaft-tomb of Senebtisi. In Arnold 2018, Pl. 149.

Fig. 25. Double offering table. Metropolitan Museum of Art (12.181.197).

Fig. 26. Plan of the tomb of Senebtisi with the reconstructed burial assemblage. Drawing after Mace, Winlock 1916, Fig. 1.

Fig. 27. Burial assemblage of Senebtisi, comprising an outer rectangular coffin (reconstructed), an inner rectangular coffin (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 08.200.45a-b), one anthropoid coffin (reconstructed) and a canopic box (reconstructed), with human-headed vases. Drawings by the author after Mace, Winlock 1916.

Fig. 28. Bow. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Fig. 29. Beadwork apron of Senebtisi. Metropolitan Museum of Art (08.200.29a).

Fig. 30. Circlet and golden rosettes of Senebtisi. Metropolitan Museum of Art (07.227.7).

Fig. 31. Necklace with sa-amulets (07.227.11), necklace with shell pendants (07.227.8). Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Fig. 32. Necklace with shen-ring. Metropolitan Museum of Art (07.227.9).

Fig. 33. Large collar with falcon headed terminals. Metropolitan Museum of Art (08.200.30)

Fig. 34. Bracelets and anklets. Metropolitan Museum of Art (08.200.25.28).

Fig. 35. Clasp. Metropolitan Museum of Art (07.227.10).

Fig. 36. Girdle with a falcon. Metropolitan Museum of Art (08.200.42a).

Fig. 37. Acacia bead girdle. Metropolitan Museum of Art (07.227.13)

Fig. 38. Nekhakha sceptre. Metropolitan Museum of Art (07.227.15).

Fig. 39. Arrangement of the body adornments found in Senebtisis mummy as if worn by a living person.

Fig. 40. Anthropoid coffin of Hapiankhtifi of Mir. Metropolitan Museum of Art (12.183.11c-2).

Fig. 41. Anthropoid coffin of Sobekhat after photographic documentation in Yoshimura et alli 2018.

Chapter 4

Fig. 42. White Chapel of Senuseret I at Karnak.

Fig. 43. The hills of Dra Abu el-Naga in Thebes, aerial view.

Fig. 44. William Flinders Petrie, 1886.

Fig. 45. The grave of the Gurnah Queen as it was found in 1908. Photographic records of Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology.

Fig. 46. Composition of the burial.

Fig. 47. The rishi coffin of the Gurnah Queen (front view). National Museums of Scotland (A.1909.527).

Fig. 48. The rishi coffin of the Gurnah Queen (side view). National Museums of Scotland (A.1909.527).

Fig. 49. The Gurnah Queen. Drawing by the author after the facial reconstruction by Manley at al. 2002.

Fig. 50. Rishi mask. World Museum in Liverpool (M11020).

Chapter 5

Fig. 51. The Theban Mountain (El-Gurn) and the village of Deir el-Medina with its necropolis.

Fig. 52. The Tomb of Kha in the northern sector of Deir el-Medinas necropolis.

Fig. 53. Ernesto Schiaparelli.

Fig. 54. The shaft to the Tomb of Kha at the time of its discovery. Schiaparelli excavations, 1906. Museo Egizio Archive.

Fig. 55. Cobbled wall, sealing the entrance to the Tomb of Kha. Schiaparelli excavations, 1906. Museo Egizio Archive.

Fig. 56. Plan and section of Khas tomb drawn by Francisco Ballerini. Museo Egizio Archive. Copyright of the Museo Egizio in Turin.

Fig. 57. The corridor preceding the funerary chamber of Kha at the time of its discovery. Schiaparelli excavations, 1906. Museo Egizio Archive.

Fig. 58. The funerary chamber of Kha at the time of its discovery. Schiaparelli excavations, 1906. Museo Egizio Archive.

Fig. 59. The clearance of the tomb with the objects being transported to the Valley of the Queens. Schiaparelli excavations, 1906. Museo Egizio Archive.

Fig. 60. The funerary complex of Kha.

Fig. 61. Pictorial decoration of the funerary chapel and the funerary stela of Kha kept in the Museo Egizio in Turin (C. 1618). Drawings from Vandier dAbbadie, Jourdain 1939, Pl. III, IV and VIII.

Fig. 62. A typical house in Deir el-Medina.